Moderate Intake of n-3 Fatty Acids for 2 Months Has No Detrimental Effect on Glucose Metabolism and Could Ameliorate the Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Men: Results of a controlled study

Luo, Jing; Rizkalla, Salwa W.; Vidal, Hubert; Oppert, Jean‐Michel; Colas, Claude; Boussairi, A.; Guerre-Millo, Michéle; Chapuis, Anne-Sophie; Chevalier, A.; Durand, Georges; Slama, G.

doi:10.2337/diacare.21.5.717

Cited by 103 publications

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“…10 g fish oil per day or more. Recent studies using low doses of n-3 LC-PUFA, ranging from 1 to 2 g/day, did not report deteriorations in glucose control [22,[38][39][40]. Our experiments clearly showed that moderate n-3 FA intake improved hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in Psammomys obesus gerbils.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis Emerging evidence underscores the important role of the small intestine in the pathogenesis of dyslipidaemia in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We therefore tested the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acids improve the various events governing intra-enterocyte lipid transport in Psammomys obesus gerbils, a model of nutritionally induced metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods Experiments were carried out on Psammomys obesus gerbils that were assigned to an isocaloric control diet and a diet rich in fish oil for 6 weeks. Results Increased dietary intake of fish oil lowered body weight and improved hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. It simultaneously decreased de novo intestinal lipogenesis and lipid esterification of the major lipid classes, e.g. triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters, particularly in insulinresistant and diabetic animals. Accordingly, lessened activity of monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol acyltransferase was recorded. As assessed in cultured jejunal explants incubated with either [ 14 C]-oleic acid or [ 35 S]-methionine, fish oil feeding resulted in diminished triglyceride-rich lipoprotein assembly and apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 biogenesis, respectively. The mechanisms did not involve apo B-48 transcription or alter the gene expression and activity of the critical microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Rather, the suppressed production of apo B-48 by n-3 fatty acids was associated with intracellular proteasome-mediated posttranslational downregulation in insulin-resistant and diabetic animals. Conclusions/interpretation Our data highlight the beneficial impact of n-3 fatty acids on adverse effects of the metabolic syndrome and emphasise their influence on intestinal lipid transport, an effect which may limit postprandial lipaemia and the risk of atherosclerosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

et al. 2006

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“…In our case, the intervention included more DHA than EPA. As to the tendency to an increase in HDL size that we found, others have reported no such effect (Luo et al, 1998) or discrepant effects on the two subclasses of large HDL when measured by ultracentrifuging (HDL 2b increasing and HDL 2a slightly decreasing) (Table 3 Petersen et al, 2002). However, Woodman et al (2002) found a significant increase of large HDL in both EPA and DHA intervention groups, a result resembling ours of a tendency to an increase in the size of this possibly antiatherogenic lipoprotein subclass.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…Others have reported no effect of n-3 FA in subjects with type II diabetes (Luo et al, 1998) or a tendency to a smaller increase than in a control group (Petersen et al, 2002). Reduction of small HDL was observed in one report, but this effect was seen only with intervention of EPA, not with DHA (Woodman et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It is therefore important to investigate effects of n-3 FA on subclasses and size of lipoproteins in subjects with type II diabetes (Syvänne and Taskinen, 1997;Julius, 2003;Steinmetz, 2003). However, such investigations in diabetes by standard methods (ultracentrifugation, gradient gel electrophoresis) have so far given sparse and diverging results (Luo et al, 1998;Patti et al, 1999;Petersen et al, 2002). Measurements using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relate to the severity of cardiovascular disease (Freedman et al, 1998) and could provide needed details of lipoprotein size and subclasses (Otvos, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in subjects with type II diabetes

et al. 2007

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Objective: To measure effects of fish oil supplements on lipoprotein subclasses by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in subjects with type II diabetes and relate them to insulin sensitivity. Design: Two-armed, parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized. Subjects: Normotriglyceridemic subjects with type II diabetes without insulin treatment were given either fish oil (n ¼ 12, median intake 5.9 g/day total n-3 fatty acids (FA) (1.8 g 20:5n-3, 3.0 g 22:6n-3)) or corn oil (n ¼ 14, 8.5 g/day 18:2n-6 FA). Methods: Size and concentration of lipoproteins subclasses were measured by NMR, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic, isoglycemic clamps. Results: After 9 weeks, there were differences between those treated with fish and corn oil with respect to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) size (median À15 vs þ 0.6%, P ¼ 0.001), particle concentrations of large VLDL (À99 vs À4.1%, P ¼ 0.041) and small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (À12 vs þ 10%, P ¼ 0.051). Compared with corn oil fish oil tended to increase HDL size and small low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) concentration (P ¼ 0.063 and 0.068, respectively, for differences between groups). There was no effect on oxidized LDL. Insulin sensitivity (glucose utilization) decreased in the fish oil group compared with the corn oil group (P ¼ 0.049). The decrease in insulin sensitivity did not correlate with the effects on lipoprotein subclasses. Conclusions: A high intake of n-3 FA exerts effects on several lipoprotein subclasses without obvious influence from changes in insulin sensitivity.

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“…One trial compared different preparations of n-3 PUFA to the same control group [54] and another two compared two different control groups with the same n-3 PUFA supplement [29,50]. Eleven of the trials used a cross-over design, all of these presenting data on the first experimental period [23,25,26,28,29,32,34,35,47,49,52]. The remaining 12 trials used a parallel design.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipoproteins and other emerging lipid cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes

et al. 2007

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Aims/hypothesis To determine the effects of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on established and emerging lipid and lipoprotein cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing dietary or non-dietary intake of n-3 PUFA with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes by searching databases from 1966 to December 2006. Changes in the following variables were recorded triacylglycerol; total cholesterol; HDL, LDL and VLDL and their subfractions; lipid ratios; apolipoproteins; and cholesterol particle sizes. Results There were 23 trials on non-dietary supplementation, involving 1,075 subjects with a mean treatment duration of 8.9 weeks, with sufficient data to permit pooling. Compared with placebo, n-3 PUFA had a statistically significant effect on four outcomes, reducing levels of (1) triacylglycerol (18 trials, 969 subjects) by 25% (mean 0.45 mmol/l; 95% CI −0.58 to −0.32; p<0.00001); (2) VLDL-cholesterol (7 trials, 238 subjects) by 36% (0.07 mmol/l; 95% CI −0.13 to 0.00; p=0.04); and (3) VLDL-triacylglycerol (6 trials, 178 subjects) by 39.7% (0.44 mmol/l; 95% CI −0.83 to −0.05; p= 0.03); while slightly increasing LDL (16 trials, 565 subjects) by 5.7% (0.11 mmol/l; 95% CI 0.00 to 0.22; p=0.05). There were no significant effects on total cholesterol, apolipoproteins, lipid subfractions or ratios. Conclusions/interpretation In addition to recognised triacylglycerol-lowering effects, n-3 PUFA supplementation decreases VLDL-cholesterol and VLDL-triacylglycerol, but may have an adverse effect on LDL-cholesterol. Larger and longer term clinical trials are required to conclusively establish the effect of n-3 PUFA on cardiovascular risk markers and outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients.

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Moderate Intake of n-3 Fatty Acids for 2 Months Has No Detrimental Effect on Glucose Metabolism and Could Ameliorate the Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Men: Results of a controlled study

Abstract: A moderate dose of fish oil did not lead to deleterious effects on glycemic control or whole-body insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men, with preserved triacylglycerol-lowering capacities.

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

Overproduction of intestinal lipoprotein containing apolipoprotein B-48 in Psammomys obesus: impact of dietary n-3 fatty acids

Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in subjects with type II diabetes

Meta-analysis of the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on lipoproteins and other emerging lipid cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes

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