Moderate Increases in Ambient PM2.5 and Ozone Are Associated With Lung Function Decreases in Beach Lifeguards

Thaller, E.; Petronella, Sharon A.; Hochman, Dan; Howard, Shawn; Chhikara, Raj S.; Brooks, Edward G.

doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e31816386b4

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, in studies of asthma ED visits, differences between males and females were observed by age: Larger relative risk estimates were reported for males 2–14 years and females 15–34 years of age, with no evidence of any sex differences in those 35–64 years of age (Paulu and Smith 2008). These results are consistent with Thaller et al (2008), who found evidence of decreased lung function in females compared with males 16–27 years of age. In addition, Lin et al (2005) found no evidence for differences in males and females when examining respiratory infection–related HAs in individuals < 15 years of age.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Epidemiologic studies have not consistently demonstrated decreased lung function in asthmatics compared with nonasthmatics in response to short-term O 3 exposure (Thaller et al 2008). However, there is some evidence of increased relative risks for wheeze and cough among asthmatics but not nonasthmatics, although this may have been the result of a small nonasthmatic population in this study (Escamilla-Nuñez et al 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating Potential Response-Modifying Factors for Associations between Ozone and Health Outcomes: A Weight-of-Evidence Approach

Vinikoor-Imler

Owens

Nichols

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Epidemiologic and experimental studies have reported a variety of health effects in response to ozone (O3) exposure, and some have indicated that certain populations may be at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects.Objectives: We sought to identify potential response-modifying factors to determine whether specific groups of the population or life stages are at increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects using a weight-of-evidence approach.Methods: Epidemiologic, experimental, and exposure science studies of potential factors that may modify the relationship between O3 and health effects were identified in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 2013 Integrated Science Assessment for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Scientific evidence from studies that examined factors that may influence risk were integrated across disciplines to evaluate consistency, coherence, and biological plausibility of effects. The factors identified were then classified using a weight-of-evidence approach to conclude whether a specific factor modified the response of a population or life stage, resulting in an increased or decreased risk of O3-related health effects.Discussion: We found “adequate” evidence that populations with certain genotypes, preexisting asthma, or reduced intake of certain nutrients, as well as different life stages or outdoor workers, are at increased risk of O3-related health effects. In addition, we identified other factors (i.e., sex, socioeconomic status, and obesity) for which there was “suggestive” evidence that they may increase the risk of O3-related health effects.Conclusions: Using a weight-of-evidence approach, we identified a diverse group of factors that should be considered when characterizing the overall risk of health effects associated with exposures to ambient O3.Citation: Vinikoor-Imler LC, Owens EO, Nichols JL, Ross M, Brown JS, Sacks JD. 2014. Evaluating potential response-modifying factors for associations between ozone and health outcomes: a weight-of-evidence approach. Environ Health Perspect 122:1166–1176; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307541

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Potential Response-Modifying Factors for Associations between Ozone and Health Outcomes: A Weight-of-Evidence Approach

Vinikoor-Imler

Owens

Nichols

et al. 2014

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Only a few studies have evaluated O 3 and asthma exacerbations in Texas. In a study of lifeguards in the Galveston area, Thaller et al [ 17 ] reported that short term O 3 exposure was associated with a reduced ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC), with a greater decrease observed for individuals with asthma (change = −0.6, p < 0.05) than nonasthmatics (change = −0.4, p < 0.01). Zora et al [ 18 ], however, reported that O 3 was not associated with worsened control of asthma in El Paso, Texas (change in asthma control questionnaire score = 0.006, p = 0.9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient ozone and asthma hospital admissions in Texas: a time-series analysis

Goodman

Zu²,

Loftus

et al. 2017

asthma res and pract

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BackgroundMany studies have evaluated associations between asthma emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions (HAs), and ambient ozone (O3) across the US, but not in Texas. We investigated the relationship between O3 and asthma HAs, and the potential impacts of outdoor pollen, respiratory infection HAs, and the start of the school year in Texas.MethodsWe obtained daily time-series data on asthma HAs and ambient O3 concentrations for Dallas, Houston, and Austin, Texas for the years 2003–2011. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of asthma HAs per 10-ppb increase in 8-h maximum O3 concentrations were estimated from Poisson generalized additive models and adjusted for temporal trends, meteorological factors, pollen, respiratory infection HAs, day of the week, and public holidays. We conducted a number of sensitivity analyses to assess model specification.ResultsWe observed weak associations between total asthma HAs and O3 at lags of 1 day (RR10 ppb = 1.012, 95% CI: 1.004–1.021), 2 days (RR10 ppb = 1.011, 95% CI: 1.002–1.019), and 0–3 days (RR10 ppb = 1.017, 95% CI: 1.005–1.030). The associations were primarily observed in children aged 5–14 years (e.g., for O3 at lag 0–3 days, RR10 ppb = 1.037, 95% CI: 1.011–1.064), and null in individuals 15 years or older. The effect estimates did not change significantly with adjustment for pollen and respiratory infections, but they attenuated considerably and lost statistical significance when August and September data were excluded. A significant interaction between time around the start of the school year and O3 at lag 2 day was observed, with the associations with pediatric asthma HAs stronger in August and September (RR10 ppb = 1.040, 95% CI: 1.012–1.069) than in the rest of the year (October–July) (RR10 ppb = 1.006, 95% CI: 0.986–1.026).ConclusionsWe observed small but statistically significant positive associations between total and pediatric asthma HAs and short-term O3 exposure in Texas, especially in August and September. Further research is needed to determine how the start of school could modify the observed association between O3 and pediatric asthma HAs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40733-017-0034-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Fine particulate matter with a diameter < 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) has been associated with adverse health effects, ranging from acute, short-term to chronic health outcomes [1][2][3], including increased respiratory symptoms [4][5][6], worsened asthma [7,8], increased cardiovascular diseases [9,10], decreased lung function [11], and increased premature death from heart or lung diseases [12,13]. With rapidly increasing fleet of vehicles and more stringent emission regulations for industry than previously [14], concentrations of PM 2.5 have been increasingly more affected by local traffic emissions than coal or It has multiple emission sources, and adverse meteorology and terrain-particle matters come from industrial emissions, coal combustion, and motor vehicle exhaust; in winter, heavy coal emission in heating, low wind speed, and high atmospheric stability aggravate concentrating of particle matters; the Mount Taihang-Yanshan surrounding this region may inhibit dispersion of air pollutants from it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust Deep Learning Approach for Spatiotemporal Estimation of Satellite AOD and PM2.5

2020

Remote Sensing

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Accurate estimation of fine particulate matter with diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) at a high spatiotemporal resolution is crucial for the evaluation of its health effects. Previous studies face multiple challenges including limited ground measurements and availability of spatiotemporal covariates. Although the multiangle implementation of atmospheric correction (MAIAC) retrieves satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) at a high spatiotemporal resolution, massive non-random missingness considerably limits its application in PM2.5 estimation. Here, a deep learning approach, i.e., bootstrap aggregating (bagging) of autoencoder-based residual deep networks, was developed to make robust imputation of MAIAC AOD and further estimate PM2.5 at a high spatial (1 km) and temporal (daily) resolution. The base model consisted of autoencoder-based residual networks where residual connections were introduced to improve learning performance. Bagging of residual networks was used to generate ensemble predictions for better accuracy and uncertainty estimates. As a case study, the proposed approach was applied to impute daily satellite AOD and subsequently estimate daily PM2.5 in the Jing-Jin-Ji metropolitan region of China in 2015. The presented approach achieved competitive performance in AOD imputation (mean test R2: 0.96; mean test RMSE: 0.06) and PM2.5 estimation (test R2: 0.90; test RMSE: 22.3 μg/m3). In the additional independent tests using ground AERONET AOD and PM2.5 measurements at the monitoring station of the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, this approach achieved high R2 (0.82–0.97). Compared with the state-of-the-art machine learning method, XGBoost, the proposed approach generated more reasonable spatial variation for predicted PM2.5 surfaces. Publically available covariates used included meteorology, MERRA2 PBLH and AOD, coordinates, and elevation. Other covariates such as cloud fractions or land-use were not used due to unavailability. The results of validation and independent testing demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in exposure assessment of PM2.5 using satellite AOD having massive missing values.

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Moderate Increases in Ambient PM2.5 and Ozone Are Associated With Lung Function Decreases in Beach Lifeguards

Abstract: The deleterious effect of PM2.5 and O3 were transient and occurred at pollutant levels far below national standards. At low levels of exposure, PM2.5 was associated with reduced lung volumes, while increasing O3 levels were associated with airway obstruction.

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluating Potential Response-Modifying Factors for Associations between Ozone and Health Outcomes: A Weight-of-Evidence Approach

Evaluating Potential Response-Modifying Factors for Associations between Ozone and Health Outcomes: A Weight-of-Evidence Approach

Ambient ozone and asthma hospital admissions in Texas: a time-series analysis

A Robust Deep Learning Approach for Spatiotemporal Estimation of Satellite AOD and PM2.5

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