Models of turbulent viscosity and mixing in channels and packed flow-through mixers

Calculating Efficiency of Separation of Aerosol Particles from Gases in Packed Apparatuses

“…where χ = 0.4 is a turbulence constant; δ is the average thickness of the near-wall layer (m). Turbulent viscosity coefficient in the packed layer is determined using the following semi-empirical expression [4]:…”