Models of the Vertical Distribution of Sapwood Area for Lodgepole Pine and Western Hemlock in Western Canada

Cruickshank, M. G.; Cameron, Ian R.; Groot, Art; Stewart, James D.; Goudie, James W.

doi:10.5849/forsci.14-206

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Trunk basis. A strong non-linear increase in SW area has also been observed at the trunk basis (Long et al, 1981;Ojansuu and Maltamo, 1995;Mörling and Valinger, 1999;Cruickshank et al, 2015), which may result from an increase in SW area or a decrease in HW area as mentioned above (Climent et al, 2003). For conifer species, this phenomenon could be due to a different trade-off between water transport and mechanics.…”

Section: Stem Sw and Ring Taperingmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Using the same predictors, Maguire and Batista (1996) were also able to model SW tapering by deriving stem taper models. More recently, Cruickshank et al (2015) developed models using variables available from remote sensing. They compared an empirical and a functional approach: the functional one strongly relied on assumptions based on the PMT as well as an exponential decay function allowing the SW area to drastically increase near the stem base (see below); the empirical one is a segmented polynomial equation (Gallant and Fuller, 1973).…”

Section: Stem Sw and Ring Taperingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mäkelä and Vanninen (2001) observed the same tendency for the ratio of leaf mass to stem area in P. sylvestris, and observed that the highest ratio value corresponded to the peak of foliage distribution. It has been hypothesized that the variation in the ratio of leaf area to SW area could result from the variations in SW conductivity and transpiration rate per unit of foliage within the crown (Brix and Mitchell, 1983), the potential incongruity between SW area and area of actually conducting wood (Mäkelä and Vanninen, 2001), and the conservation of higher SW area to store water (Cruickshank et al, 2015). Trunk basis.…”

Section: Stem Sw and Ring Taperingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For conifer species, this phenomenon could be due to a different trade-off between water transport and mechanics. Indeed, a larger proportion of latewood in this part of the tree (Gartner et al, 2004) might provide sufficient strength to meet the strong mechanical constraints present in this part, but might also decrease xylem specific conductivity (Zimmermann, 1983;Gartner, 1991;Domec and Gartner, 2002), resulting in a higher production of SW to meet hydraulic demands (Stokes and Berthier, 2000;Berthier et al, 2001;Cruickshank et al, 2015). Relation with Pressler's law.…”

Section: Stem Sw and Ring Taperingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect techniques have been developed to avoid this experimental work load. A common non-destructive approach consists of using crown length or size to infer leaf area (Cienciala et al, 2006;Cruickshank et al, 2015). This approach relies on the assumption of high correlation between crown dimension in terms of biometric parameters and the volume of the assimilation apparatus (Lemke, 1966;Jelonek et al, 2008;Sattler and Comeau, 2016).…”

Section: Estimating Crown Leaf Area and Sapwood Area Independentlymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pipe model theory half a century on: a review

et al. 2018

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Scrutinizing the PMT in the light of modern biological knowledge revealed that most of its properties are not valid as a general rule. The hydraulic framework derived from the PMT has attracted much more attention than its mechanical counterpart and implies that only the conductive portion of a stem cross-section should be proportional to the supported foliage amount rather than the whole of it. The facts that this conductive portion is experimentally difficult to measure and varies with environmental conditions and tree ontogeny might cause the commonly reported non-linear relationships between foliage and stem metrics. Nevertheless, the PMT can still be considered as a portfolio of properties providing a unified framework to integrate and analyse functional-structural relationships.

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Section: Stem Sw and Ring Taperingmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Stem Sw and Ring Taperingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stem Sw and Ring Taperingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stem Sw and Ring Taperingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Crown Leaf Area and Sapwood Area Independentlymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The pipe model theory half a century on: a review

et al. 2018

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Allometric models for the estimation of foliage area and biomass from stem metrics in black locust

Tziaferidis¹,

Spyroglou²,

Fotelli³

et al. 2022

iForest

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Biogeosciences and Forestry Biogeosciences and Forestry Allometric models for the estimation of foliage area and biomass from stem metrics in black locust Stamatios R Tziaferidis (1) , Gavriil Spyroglou (2) , Mariangela N Fotelli (2) , Kalliopi Radoglou (3) Allometric equations relating trees' vascular system and other stem metrics with foliage area and mass are important to estimate their growth, carbon stocks and interactions with abiotic environment in terms of carbon and water balance. In this study we focused on Robinia pseudoacacia restoration plantations in Greece and aimed at establishing species-specific models to predict foliage leaf area and biomass based on stem traits. In particular, we evaluated stem cross-sectional areas of sapwood, current sapwood and total stem (sapwood and heartwood), measured at different tree heights, as predictors of leaf area and mass, based on the pipe model theory. Furthermore, we assessed the variation in the ratios of leaf area to different stem cross-sectional areas across the tree profile and we examined the relationships of diameter at breast height (DBH) with diameter at the base of the live crown and with leaf area. Taking into account the trees' DBH distribution according to the plantations' inventory, 25 black locust individuals were destructively sampled and the relationships among the studied traits were analyzed by means of multiple and simple linear regression at p<0.001. Foliage dry mass and area were best predicted by total stem cross-sectional area at mid-bole and stump height (R 2 =0.81), followed by current sapwood area at stump height (R 2 =0.74), which outperformed the most often used sapwood area (R 2 =0.70). DBH was also reliably estimating tree leaf area (R 2 =0.72) but was less precise, compared to total cross-sectional area, while it was a useful proxy of diameter at the base of the live crown (R 2 =0.80). In line with the pipe model theory, the ratio of leaf area to total cross-sectional area declined across the canopy basipetally, but only when total cross-sectional area was considered. Deviations from the sapwood-foliage functions described by the pipe model theory may be due to the small sample size and the variability in tree size in such developing restoration plantations. The produced species-specific relationships between stem and foliage metrics may be a useful tool to predict the carbon sequestration and climate change adaptation potential of black locust restoration plantations, which are often characterized by harsh site conditions.

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Models of the Vertical Distribution of Sapwood Area for Lodgepole Pine and Western Hemlock in Western Canada

Cited by 2 publications

References 34 publications

The pipe model theory half a century on: a review

The pipe model theory half a century on: a review

Allometric models for the estimation of foliage area and biomass from stem metrics in black locust

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