Models of tar formation during coal devolatilization

Pyrolysis–GC/MS studies of vegetable oils from Macauba fruit

“…For nut oil, the composition of the resulting pyrolysate was as follows: main products (aldehyde, [3] n-hexane; [4] cycloheptane; [10] nonane; [19] 2-dodecenal, [22] dodecanoic acid; [23] unknown m/z 57. alkene and carboxylic acid) ranging from 59 to 74%; secondary products (cycloalkane, alkane with unknowns at m/z 55) from 24 to 37% and tertiary products (alcohol and unknowns at m/z 54 and 57) from 5 to 7%.…”

“…Most studies were on the laboratory scale [7][8][9], with primary emphasis on the reaction mechanisms and kinetics [10][11][12][13]. The operating conditions were mostly pertaining to "pure" pyrolysis where the degradation of macromolecular material was carried out, with heat alone in absence of oxygen.…”

Fundamentals

“…Because the distribution of the products such as char (C), gases (H 2 O, CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , H 2 ), and higher hydrocarbons (CH a O b ) is dependent on the previously mentioned variables, an assignment of the stoichiometric coefficients α to η can either be done by using pyrolysis models (e.g., Flashchain [6], CPD [7], FG-DVC [8]) or by dedicated pyrolysis experiments mimicking process conditions. Finally, it should be mentioned that the pyrolysis gross reaction in Equation (4.11) can be endothermic or exothermic (500 to -3500 kJ/kg(coal)) depending mainly on the rank of coal.…”

Comprehensive Simulator Applied to Fluidized Bed Coal Gasification

“…On the aspect of pyrolysis, the new version is equipped with much more precise routines based on very sophisticated methods such as structural DISKIN (Distributed Energy Reaction Kinetics Model) [11,12] and FG-DVC (Depolymerization-vaporization-crosslinking) [13,14].…”