“…In freshwater bodies the recycled matter can be crucial for the functioning of ecosystems of high as well as low productivity (Ramin, Perhar, Shimoda, & Arhonditsis, ). Although in freshwaters excretion is one of many sources of biogenic elements, it still largely covers the demand of autotrophs, and in the summer it is more important than the external or internal supply (Bowszys, ; Bruce et al, ; den Oude & Gulati, ; Kowalczewska‐Madura, Gołdyn, & Szyper, ; Kowalczewska‐Madura & Gołdyn, ; Sereda & Hudson, ). In freshwater lakes the release of nutrients by zooplankton is intensive from spring to autumn; during the summer stagnation the total excretion of nutrients is higher than at the time of turnover (Bruce et al, ).…”