Models of liquid metal corrosion

Zhang, Jinsuo; Hosemann, Peter; Maloy, S.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.05.024

Cited by 124 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At lower and higher temperatures, LME is less of an issue, leading to a temperature interval ("ductility trough") wherein the material is susceptible to LME (typically in 300 -450 C range, for ferritic and ferritic-martensitic alloys) [74][75][76]. These A significant number of studies on the formation of oxide layers in LBE at temperatures above 450 0 C have been performed on a variety of different steels, leading to theoretical models of oxide formation proposed [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Austenitic (Fe-Cr-Ni) steels cannot be used at temperatures > 550 0 C because of the high solubility (S) of nickel in lead and bismuth at these temperatures (log S Ni = 1.53 -873/T, for 673 < T < 1173 K) [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of deformation and strain induced in bulk by the oxide layers formation on a Fe-Cr-Al alloy in high-temperature liquid Pb-Bi eutectic

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

At elevated temperatures, heavy liquid metals and their alloys are known to create a highly corrosive environment that causes irreversible degradation of most iron-based materials. It has been found that an appropriate concentration of oxygen in the liquid alloy can significantly reduce this issue by creating a passivating oxide scale that controls diffusion, especially if Al is present in Fe-based materials (by Al-oxide formation). However, the increase of the temperature and of oxygen content in liquid phase leads to the increase of oxygen diffusion into bulk, and to promotion of the internal Al oxidation. This can cause a strain in bulk near the oxide layer, due either to mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficients of the oxides and bulk material, or to misfit of the crystal lattices (bulk vs. oxides). This work investigates the strain induced into proximal bulk of a Fe-Cr-Al alloy by oxide layers formation in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic utilizing synchrotron X-ray Laue microdiffraction. It is found that internal oxidation is the most likely cause for the strain in the metal rather than thermal expansion mismatch as a two-layer problem.Dear Sir, I re-submit our paper entitled: "A study of deformation and strain induced in bulk by the oxide layers formation on a Fe-Cr-Al alloy in high-temperature liquid Pb-Bi eutectic" on behalf of all co-authors to Acta Materialia, after addressing all the revisions stated by the reviewer. In the study, we analyze a strain in the near-interface bulk of ferritic FeCrAl alloy after its exposure to heavy liquid metals. Two possible origins of strain were considered: internal oxidation of aluminum in bulk, and thermal expansion mismatch between the oxide and the bulk. A positive correlation of dislocation density with peak width distribution indicates that strain comes from plastic deformation, while the evidence of grain refinement and sub-grain formation indicates a noticeable internal oxidation. Based on the comparison with theoretical predictions, we conclude that internal oxidation is more dominant mechanism of strain induction.Sincerely, Miroslav P. Popovic, UC Berkeley Cover LetterWe thank the reviewer for his/her time and effort.Below we address all reviewer's comments (labeled "C") in detail, marked in green (labeled "A").C 0: -Dear authors, congratulations for this interesting work.A 0: We thank the reviewer for his/her assessment of our paper. C1-1: You are studying the deformation and strain induced in the bulk of a Fe-Cr-Al alloy (Alkrothal 720) by oxide scales that form in liquid LBE. Alkrothal is a bcc alloy, a fact that you should clearly mention when you describe the material in the Experimental section (not just mention that it is a ferritic alloy), giving some basic information on the lattice parameters. A1-2: We thank the reviewer for this suggestion. We made changes in the manuscript and modified our statement (in the first paragraph of section 2. Experimental), so it reads now as following: C1-2. What you neglect to mention, however, is th...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of deformation and strain induced in bulk by the oxide layers formation on a Fe-Cr-Al alloy in high-temperature liquid Pb-Bi eutectic

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If this oxide layer is stable under operation conditions, the lifetime of the steel substrate is limited either by the rate of oxide spallation from the surface of the substrate, or by the diffusion rate of alloying elements and oxygen throughout the oxide, as evaluated by [6][7][8][9][10]. Because this passive layer structure is the primary barrier against corrosive attack, comprehensive studies, like in [11][12][13], are designed to quantify and predict the integrity of multilayered oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both nuclear and non-nuclear applications, liquid metal coolants are under consideration as the primary heat transfer media [23][24][25][26]. High temperature oxidation of HCM12A in such extreme environments leads to the formation of a multilayered oxide structure, which have been studied previously on a range of different alloys [6][7][8][27][28][29][30]. Oxide layers formed on HCM12A have been previously studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), micro-X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [19][20][21][22] and during exposure to LBE by SEM/EDX, EBSD, 3D atom probe tomography (APT) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) [21,[31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Naturally Grown Multilayered Oxides Formed on HCM12A Using Small Scale Mechanical Testing

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microstructure and mechanical integrity of protective multilayered oxide films grown in liquid metal on F/M steel HCM12A was investigated utilizing Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentation and micro-cantilever testing methods. The Raman spectra showed a Fe 3 O 4 outer layer and a Cr-rich spinel structure inner layer. The nanoindentation results showed a higher hardness value for the inner layer than for the outer layer. In addition, the hardness of the diffusion layer in between the inner layer and the bulk steel was measured. Quantitative fracture properties were obtained of the steel/oxide interface and within the oxide layers utilizing microcantilever testing. Furthermore the strength and elastic properties of the multilayered oxide film were measured and it was found that the porous structure in the inner Fe-Cr oxide limits the integrity of the steel/oxide interface.

show abstract

“…The optimal range for oxygen concentration has been shown to be between 0.1-1 ppm oxygen concentration for lead or LBE systems [27,29]. In depth reviews of general corrosion of metals in lead and LBE systems are available in other sources [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of oxide dispersion strengthened steel MA956

Baker

Brewer

2014

Journal of Nuclear Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tThis research examined the susceptibility of MA956 to liquid metal embrittlement using two experimental approaches. In both approaches, historical data on traditional steels was used to determine likely conditions to promote liquid metal embrittlement in lead and lead-bismuth eutectic environments. U-bend specimens of MA956 were found to be immune to liquid metal embrittlement after prolonged exposure to liquid lead. Similarly, slow strain rate testing of MA956 showed immunity to liquid metal embrittlement for both lead and lead-bismuth at temperatures of 328°C and 150°C respectively corresponding to the melting temperature of each embrittler individually. These results suggest that the same passive protective oxide layers that limit general corrosion and oxidation also prevent liquid metal embrittlement.Published by Elsevier B.V.

show abstract

Models of liquid metal corrosion

Cited by 124 publications

References 34 publications

A study of deformation and strain induced in bulk by the oxide layers formation on a Fe-Cr-Al alloy in high-temperature liquid Pb-Bi eutectic

A study of deformation and strain induced in bulk by the oxide layers formation on a Fe-Cr-Al alloy in high-temperature liquid Pb-Bi eutectic

Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Naturally Grown Multilayered Oxides Formed on HCM12A Using Small Scale Mechanical Testing

Evaluation of liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of oxide dispersion strengthened steel MA956

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About