Models of intelligence in late life: Comment on Hultsch et al. (1999).

Pushkar, Dolores; Etezadi, Jamshid; Andrés, David; Arbuckle, Tannis Y.; Schwartzman, Alex E.; Chaikelson, June

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.14.3.520

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A number of studies have provided evidence for the influence of psychosocial factors on communication in general and narrative discourse in particular. Researchers suggest these factors may account for the individual differences observed in cognitive aging (Pushkar et al, 1999) as well as narrative performance (Arbuckle, Nohara-LeClair, & Pushkar, 2000; Pushkar et al, 2000). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microlinguistic processes that contribute to the ability to relay main events: influence of age

Capilouto

Wright

Maddy

2015

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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The purpose of the current study was to determine the microlinguistic processes that contribute to picture description in healthy adults across the life span. Two-hundred forty healthy adults were separated into three groups, young (n = 80; 20-39), middle (n = 80; 40 - 69), and older (n = 80; 70 - 89). Participants provided language samples in response to two single and two sequential pictures analyzed for total number of words, informativeness, lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and main events. The older group produced a significantly lower proportion of main events for the single and sequential pictures compared to the other groups. Group differences on the microlinguistic measures varied depending on the measure and the stimulus type. Further, regardless of task, total number of words significantly related to main event production for the young and middle aged groups, but not the older group. Results of the current study extend previous findings by researchers who have investigated discourse production in cognitively healthy, older adults. Using a multi-level approach, we found that linguistic processes across different levels interact; however, the relationship is age-dependent. By including a middle-aged group we identify the potential course of documented change and our results indicate that the changes in language processes with age may not be linear.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microlinguistic processes that contribute to the ability to relay main events: influence of age

Capilouto

Wright

Maddy

2015

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

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“…The brain network involved is extensive, including the prefrontal cortex and areas that subserve working memory and attentional processes (e.g., Gunning-Dixon and Raz, 2003; Raz et al, 1998), the striatal dopaminergic system and measures of episodic and procedural memories, perceptual speed and executive functioning more broadly (Bäckman et al, 2010), and the medial temporal lobe and structures associated with declarative memory (Jack et al, 1997). Some researchers emphasize the role of neurobiological processes in age-related decline (Hedden and Gabrieli, 2005), whereas others emphasize the importance of psychosocial factors (Pushkar et al, 1999). Although distinct, these two sets of factors need not be incompatible.…”

Section: The Far-reaching Effects Of Age-related Cognitive Declinementioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign language training as cognitive therapy for age-related cognitive decline: A hypothesis for future research

Antoniou¹,

Gunasekera²,

Wong³

2013

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

162

131

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Over the next fifty years, the number of older adults is set to reach record levels. Protecting older adults from the age-related effects of cognitive decline is one of the greatest challenges of the next few decades as it places increasing pressure on families, health systems, and economies on a global scale. The disease-state of age-related cognitive decline—Alzheimer's disease and other dementias—hijacks our consciousness and intellectual autonomy. However, there is evidence that cognitively stimulating activities protect against the adverse effects of cognitive decline. Similarly, bilingualism is also considered to be a safeguard. We propose that foreign language learning programs aimed at older populations are an optimal solution for building cognitive reserve because language learning engages an extensive brain network that is known to overlap with the regions negatively affected by the aging process. It is recommended that future research should test this potentially fruitful hypothesis.

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“…However, the state of the collective research is inconsistent in demonstrating that stimulation provided by everyday cognitive and social activities facilitates the maintenance of cognitive skills in a manner analogous to physical exercise for musculoskeletal and cardiovascular functions (Salthouse et al, 2002). Several authors (e.g., Aartsen et al, 2002;Hultsch et al, 1999;Pushkar et al, 1999) have commented on the methodological difficulties in conducting studies that would meet the requirements of a convincing argument for a protective effect of activity on cognition (Salthouse et al, 2002). These requirements include demonstration of : (1) a negative relationship between age and level of activity, (2) a positive association between level of activity and level of cognition, and (3) an interaction between age and level of activity in the prediction of cognitive level (showing that activity level attenuates the impact of aging on cognition).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Florida Cognitive Activities Scale: Initial development and validation

Schinka

McBride

Vanderploeg

et al. 2005

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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We used a rational-empirical approach in the construction and validation of a cognitive activity scale for use with elderly populations. The scale development effort produced a 25-item scale with a reasonably high level of internal consistency in a sample of 200 elderly individuals. Scale scores were positively correlated with years of education and measures of various domains of cognitive ability. In a separate cross-validation sample, a similar pattern of reliability and validity coefficients was obtained. The full scale score was found to contribute significantly to the prediction of cognitive ability after controlling for the effects of age, education, and gender. Two subscales (Higher Cognitive Abilities and Frequent Cognitive Abilities) and a measure of self-reported maintenance of cognitive activity were also developed. In a separate study, the maintenance score was found to differ significantly between the validation sample and a sample of individuals with a history of neurological disorder, with a moderate effect size (d approximately = .7). Further cross-validation studies in minority groups and groups of varying socioeconomic status will be critical in establishing the research and clinical value of the scale and subscales.

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Models of intelligence in late life: Comment on Hultsch et al. (1999).

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Microlinguistic processes that contribute to the ability to relay main events: influence of age

Microlinguistic processes that contribute to the ability to relay main events: influence of age

Foreign language training as cognitive therapy for age-related cognitive decline: A hypothesis for future research

Florida Cognitive Activities Scale: Initial development and validation

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