Models of helping and coping.

Abstract

Many people have contributed to the development of this article-not the least by restraining its excesses. Conversations with Richard Nisbett and Jeffrey Paige were especially helpful. The influence of other members of the social psychology community at Northwestern University working on related problems-especially Ronnie Janoff-Bulman, Christine Dunkel-Schetter, Roxane Silver, and Camille Wortman-will be apparent at many points. Thoughtful responses to earlier drafts were also received from

How should substance use problems be handled? Popular views in Sweden, Finland, and Canada

“…Thus, it is evident that various ways of operationalizing the models will give differing results as concerns the overall support for a certain model, which means that the models are perhaps most useful in comparative studies. Further, the names that Brickman et al (1982) originally used to characterize their four models may give rise to some misunderstandings. Thus, what these authors name the "moral" model -attributing the cause of as well as the responsibility for and capacity of solving a problem to the individual -has sometimes been interpreted as indicating a moralizing attitude towards the individual.…”

“…One way of solving this dilemma is to recognize that the answer to the question of how social problems could and should be handled relies on attributions of responsibility in two different respects. By separating attributions about the causation of problems from assumptions about the solution of problems, Brickman et al (1982) arrive at a model with four basically different orientations to "helping and coping", an obvious advantage of which is that it offers a bridge between a sociocultural and a more clinical perspective on this matter (Blomqvist, 1998). The models have proved to be useful in analysing historical changes in Sweden's way of handling alcohol problems, from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth century (Blomqvist, 1998), and as a theoretical framework in analysing the political chase for a legitimate knowledge base for handling narcotics drugs during the twentieth century in Sweden (Edman and Blomqvist, 2011).…”

“…Design/methodology/approach -The paper uses data from three national surveys, aimed at uncovering how representative population samples from Sweden, Finland, and Canada perceive and understand the character of, and the proper way of handling, various addictive problems. Data from these surveys have been used to discern and operationalize four basic "models of helping and coping" as these have been outlined by Brickman et al (1982). The analysis has aimed at investigating how the popular preferences for either of these models vary with type of addiction (to cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, and other ("hard") drugs, national setting, and potentially important respondent characteristics.…”

Perceptions of the Self and most People’s Reactions towards Innocent and Noninnocent Victims

“…On the contrary, through nonrational reactions individuals may fail to acknowledge that injustices exist, for instance undeserved suffering. Among these reactions, Lerner (1980) identified those generally referred to as secondary victimization (Brickman et al, 1982), that is, unsupportive reactions which reflect negatively on the victim situation.…”

Entanglement of trapped-ion clock states

“…The tomographic reconstruction used to assess the resultant entangled states demonstrates universal two-qubit control, which is being directly applied to investigate prototype quantum algorithms [43]. This work is supported by the National Security Agency and Advanced Research and Development Activity under Army Research Office contract W911NF-04-1-0234, and the National Science Foundation Information Technology Research program.…”