Models of heat production and critical temperature for growing pigs

Bruce, J. M.; Clark, J. J.

doi:10.1017/s0003356100023266

Cited by 168 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The thermoneutral zone for pigs ranges from 17.28C to 228C. Within the thermoneutral zone, pigs are able to maintain heat production approximately constant for a given energy intake (Bruce and Clark, 1979). Consequently, with the temperature fluctuations noted in this experiment (Figure 2), both Hoop-and CON-finished pigs were exposed to temperature fluctuations above and below their thermoneutral target, with the more extreme exposure being in the Hoop-finished pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of deep-bedded finishing system on market pig performance, composition and pork quality

Patton

Huff-Lonergan

Honeyman

et al. 2008

Animal

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The purpose of this study was to compare effects of finishing environment on growth performance, pork quality and lipid composition of pork. Environments compared were standard confinement (CON) and deep-bedded semi-outdoor systems. The deep-bedded method employed in the current study was the use of hoop structures. Hoops are large, tent-like shelters with cornstalks or straw for bedding. Gilts ranging in weight from 59 to 71 kg were randomly assigned to treatments of Hoop (n 5 50) and CON (n 5 18) environments. Gilts were fed a two-phase dietary sequence, ad libitum for 45 days. Six gilts per treatment were selected for carcass composition and quality evaluation. The experiment was replicated a total of five times. Pigs raised in the Hoop environment gained significantly less and required significantly more feed for growth than pigs raised in the CON environment. Carcasses from CON-finished pigs were significantly fatter at the 10th rib, which lowered carcass percentage fat-free lean(FFL) and they also had greater loin marbling scores compared with carcasses from Hoop-finished pigs (P , 0.05). Significant replication effects were noted on beginning weight, live weight, carcass weight, percentage FFL, backfat, lipid content and adipose firmness. Carcasses from Hoop pigs had lower proportions of palmitic acid (P , 0.05), and higher proportions of oleic and linoleic acid (P , 0.05) in the inner layer of adipose tissue. The proportion of saturated fatty acid was lower, and that of mono-and poly-unsaturated fatty acid was higher in the inner layer of the adipose tissue of Hoop pigs. Variations in fatty acid composition and lipid deposition may have been caused by environmental temperature, since decreases in environmental temperature accompanied compositional variation of the adipose, leading to higher proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid and lower proportions of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid in adipose tissue, regardless of treatment. Volatile profile analysis revealed that adipose tissue of Hoop pigs had significantly higher amounts of 3-butanal and heptanal compared with CON pigs, which may be related to the amount of oleic and linoleic acids composing the adipose tissue. These data indicate finishing pigs in hoop structures allows for exposure to fluctuating temperatures, which may influence the growth of pigs, as well as fatty acid composition and firmness of pork products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Effects of deep-bedded finishing system on market pig performance, composition and pork quality

Patton

Huff-Lonergan

Honeyman

et al. 2008

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Figure 1 shows the average, high and low temperatures within the hoop structures over the span of the experiment. Within the thermoneutral zone (17.28C to 228C), pigs are able to maintain heat production approximately constant for a given energy intake (Bruce and Clark, 1979). This indicates that although hoop-finished pigs were exposed to temperature fluctuations above and below their thermoneutral target, there were no adverse affects on growth and carcass composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of space allocation within a deep-bedded finishing system on pig growth performance, fatty acid composition and pork quality

Patton

Huff-Lonergan

Honeyman

et al. 2008

Animal

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The objectives of the current study were to determine the degree to which space allocation in a deep-bedded system influences swine performance and pork quality. The deep-bedded method employed was hoop structures, which are large, tent-like shelters with cornstalks or straw for bedding. One hundred gilts ranging in weight from 59 to 71 kg were randomly assigned to treatments of low (0.70 m 2 per pig, n 5 50) or high (1.13 m 2 per pig, n 5 50) space allocation. During the 45-day experimental period, gilts were ad libitum fed a two-phase diet. Six gilts per treatment were used for carcass composition and pork quality evaluation for each replication. Five replications were conducted over a period of 4 months. Pigs finished with greater space allocation had smaller longissimus muscle area and produced pork that appeared to be darker. Variations in fatty acid composition and lipid percentage of subcutaneous adipose and longissimus dorsi muscle were observed when space allocation was changed within hoop structures. Less space resulted in greater proportion of lipid present as polyunsaturated fatty acids. Greater space allocation resulted in lower total lipid in subcutaneous pork adipose tissue. Space allocation did not affect fat firmness. Replications spanned the months of August to November, with temperatures ranging from 328C to 228C within the hoop structure. As environmental temperature declined, the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids increased. Providing more space during finishing in these systems had only a small affect on pig growth and pork quality. Variations observed from replication to replication at fluctuating temperatures provide insight to seasonal differences in growth and adipose tissue composition and firmness. Therefore, finishing pigs in these systems may lead to seasonal variation in lipid composition.

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“…In addition to THI, the following terms are used in connection with heat stress of animals: effective temperature (Beckett 1965), lower critical temperature LCT (Bruce & Clark 1979), upper critical temperature UCT (Black et al 1986). In the presented model, running of the cooling equipment is controlled by the values of THI inside the stable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using meteorological data to determine the risk of heat stress

Šleger¹,

Neuberger²

2006

Res. Agric. Eng.

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This paper first proposes a technique of computing air temperature and humidity in stables based on outdoor air parameters and biological production of animals. The computation technique is outlined. The calculated values are then used to assess the potential of evaporation cooling in mild climatic conditions. Graphs illustrate the assumed effect of evaporation cooling equipment inside a stable housing of egg laying hens. Used in the computation were hourly meteorological readings obtained during the period

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Models of heat production and critical temperature for growing pigs

Cited by 168 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of deep-bedded finishing system on market pig performance, composition and pork quality

Effects of deep-bedded finishing system on market pig performance, composition and pork quality

Effects of space allocation within a deep-bedded finishing system on pig growth performance, fatty acid composition and pork quality

Using meteorological data to determine the risk of heat stress

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