Models of gender differences in cardiovascular disease

Patten, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2007.11.002

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…There is good reason to believe that the pharmacological effects of individual drugs may be different in men and women. A review of models of sex differences in various cardiovascular diseases concluded that a large number of physiological responses in animal models differ between sexes and that these cardiovascular responses are regulated by sex steroid hormone receptors [58]. Interestingly, the effect is not uniform.…”

Section: Survival Benefit From Individual Classes Of Drugs According mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sex on Treatment and Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure

Frankenstein

Clark

Ribeiro

2011

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

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SUMMARYThe population is aging, the prevalence of heart failure increases with age, and on average women live longer than men. There is evidence for sex-specific effects of individual, guideline-recommended drugs used for treatment of chronic heart failure. Women are underrepresented in most clinical trials and only a minority of drug applications to regulatory authorities have included sex analyses. The present review focuses on the potential female survival benefit in heart failure, the influence of sex on medical treatment in a broader sense, and the potential benefit to be derived from guideline recommended treatment and common adjunctive heart failure medication.

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Section: Survival Benefit From Individual Classes Of Drugs According mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sex on Treatment and Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure

Frankenstein

Clark

Ribeiro

2011

Cardiovascular Therapeutics

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“…There is increasing evidence that the risk factors, causes, and clinical manifestations of various metabolic diseases are influenced by sex. Adult men are more susceptible to obesity, cardiovascular diseases and glucose metabolism abnormalities than premenopausal women (Dorak & Karpuzoglu, ; Karpe & Pinnick, ; Patten, ; International Diabetes Federation, ). This phenomenon can be explained by the higher proportion of visceral adipose tissue found in the abdominal region of men in comparison with women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism of liver endoplasmic reticulum stress susceptibility in prepubertal rats and the effect of sex steroid supplementation

Rossetti

Costa

Barthem

et al. 2019

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Is there sexual dimorphism in the occurrence of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress? What is the main finding and its importance?The transition from prepubertal to the adult age is associated with an increase in the unfolded protein response markers in the liver of male rats, which is probably due to an increase in serum testosterone levels. Abstract Male rodents present a higher predisposition to obesity and insulin resistance than females. These disorders have been associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To investigate a possible sexual dimorphism in the hepatic occurrence of ER stress, we evaluated the expression of ER stress markers in the livers of male and female rats in two phases of sexual development. In the first experimental model, male and female prepubertal and adult Wistar rats were used. Adult males presented higher body mass and greater mass of the adipose tissue and liver than adult females. Prepubertal animals presented no differences in these parameters between males and females. Despite this finding, the hepatic expression levels of Bip, Ire1α and Xbp1s mRNA were lower in prepubertal males than in females, while in adult animals, they did not differ between sexes. In the second experimental model, we anticipated the sexually mature phase by daily injections of testosterone propionate for 10 days in prepubertal males or by daily injections of oestradiol benzoate for 7 days in prepubertal females. Oestradiol administration in prepubertal females did not change any of the parameters evaluated. Testosterone administration to prepubertal males led to a higher body mass and greater expression of Bip, Ire1α, Atf4 and Xbp1s in the liver. These findings suggest that the increased ER stress predisposition observed in males during puberty is due to an increase in testosterone levels, indicating that ER stress is sexually dimorphic before puberty due to the lack of testosterone in males.

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“…However, the incidence and the progressive rate of cardiovascular disease are markedly higher in men when age‐matched with premenopausal women . Women exhibit a delay in the onset of vascular disease compared with men, and the temporal link between menopause and the rise in vascular events in women suggests that ovarian hormones may be important in reducing the risk of vascular disease in women . Clinical studies have shown that women who have had a hysterectomy have a higher prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular disease and hypertension (irrespective of age when the hysterectomy was performed), indicating that the lack of ovarian hormones is associated with a greater rate of cardiovascular disease .…”

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confidence: 99%

The Negative Chronotropic Effect in Rat Heart Stimulated by Ultrasonic Pulses: Role of Sex and Age

Coiado

O’Brien

2017

J Ultrasound Med

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Objectives The goal of this study is to investigate the role of sex and age of the negative chronotropic effect after exposure of 3.5-MHz pulsed ultrasound (US) to the rat heart. Methods Forty F344 rats were exposed transthoracically to ultrasonic pulses at a duty factor of ~1.0% at 2.0-MPa peak rarefactional pressure amplitude (PRPA). The transthoracic ultrasonic bursts were delivered consecutively in five 10-s intervals, that is, 10 s of 6-Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF), 10 s of 5-Hz PRF, 10 s of 4-Hz PRF, 10 s of 5-Hz PRF and 10 s of 6-Hz, for a 50-s total exposure duration. The rats were divided into eight groups (n=5 ea) animals: US young male, Control young male, US young female, Control young female, US old male, Control old male, US old female and Control old female. Results Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare heart rate, cardiac output, arterial pressure and other hemodynamic values (baseline) before and after ultrasound stimulation. Sex vs. age vs. US interaction was detected for heart rate. Cardiac output showed an age effect and ejection fraction showed age and US effects. The arterial pressure showed a sex effect. A negative chronotropic effect (~30% decrease in heart rate) was observed for young female rats. A hypothesis is that the US effect is weight (menopause)-dependent, because the young (premenopause) female rats weighed ~40–60% less than other groups of rats. Conclusion It is likely that the ovarian hormones are responsible for different ultrasound-induced cardiac bioeffects in differents ages and sexes.

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Models of gender differences in cardiovascular disease

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Influence of Sex on Treatment and Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure

Influence of Sex on Treatment and Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure

Sexual dimorphism of liver endoplasmic reticulum stress susceptibility in prepubertal rats and the effect of sex steroid supplementation

The Negative Chronotropic Effect in Rat Heart Stimulated by Ultrasonic Pulses: Role of Sex and Age

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