Models of Chemically-Induced Acute Seizures and Epilepsy: Toxic Compounds and Drugs of Addiction

Dorandeu, Frédéric; Calas, Guilhem; Bo, Grégory Dal; Fares, Raafat

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804066-9.00037-7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…Among the OP available for civilian use, DFP has been selected for the US National Institutes of Health CounterACT neurotherapeutics screening program. 18 The use of DFP has been mainly limited to rats, and our mouse model is a good alternative for projects using knockout mice. Our model having been validated in terms of ECoG and associated behavioral signs of epileptic seizures, cholinesterase inhibition, and neuronal death, it appears to be a model of choice to study pathological features of OP poisoning and test novel therapeutic molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of organophosphate‐induced brain injuries in a convulsive mouse model of diisopropylfluorophosphate exposure

Enderlin

Igert²,

Auvin

et al. 2020

Epilepsia

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Organophosphate (OP) chemicals, either pesticides or chemical warfare agents, are currently considered to be credible threat agents to both military personnel and civilians in either military combat or terrorist attacks. The more readily accessible OP pesticides cause a significant number of poisonings and >100,000 of estimated deaths annually. 1,2 Both types of OP cause acute toxicity by irreversibly inhibiting cholinesterases. Centrally, the prominent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, can trigger seizures by cholinergic receptor overstimulation. 3,4 By diverse incompletely known mechanisms, untreated seizure activity triggers γ-aminobutyric

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of organophosphate‐induced brain injuries in a convulsive mouse model of diisopropylfluorophosphate exposure

Enderlin

Igert²,

Auvin

et al. 2020

Epilepsia

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“…Seizure activity induced by VTD in vivo may be mediated in part by the activity of voltagegated calcium channels. Other channels such as voltage-gated Na + channels may be involved; VTD shifts the activation of these channels to negative membrane potentials and delays inactivation (Dorandeu et al, 2017). We, therefore, hypothesize that the efficacy of EUG in reducing absence-like seizures, demonstrated in this study by the inhibition of spike activity, may be related to interaction with voltage-gated calcium channels and/or sodium channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Eugenol inhibits veratridine-induced non-convulsive seizures and wet dog shakes via blockage of sodium and calcium influx in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes

Ransford¹,

Mante²,

Ofori³

et al. 2022

J App Pharm Sci

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Studies have confirmed that the electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern produced by veratridine (VTD) administration is comparable to that seen in absence seizures, partial seizures, and epileptic encephalopathies. VTD has thus been considered a valuable epileptogenic agent for screening of antiepileptic agents. This study investigated the activity of eugenol (EUG) against VTD-induced seizures. Seizures were induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with VTD (400 μg/kg; i.p.) after implantation of electrodes for electroencephalogram recording. Animals were observed for seizure activity and the number of wet dog shakes (WDS). The number of WDS was significantly ( p = 0.0141) reduced by pretreatment with EUG at 100 mg/kg. Animals experienced frequent quiescent periods with recorded epileptiform activity. Pretreatment with 400 mg/kg ethosuximide and 200 mg/kg valproic acid abolished spike activity. Pretreatment with EUG at 100 mg/kg was more effective against inhibition of spike activity. EUG also significantly ( p = 0.0001) inhibited the influx of sodium and calcium ions in cerebrocortical synaptosomes from isolated rat brains. EUG inhibits VTD-induced nonconvulsive seizures and WDS in rats.

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Models of Chemically-Induced Acute Seizures and Epilepsy: Toxic Compounds and Drugs of Addiction

Cited by 2 publications

References 225 publications

Characterization of organophosphate‐induced brain injuries in a convulsive mouse model of diisopropylfluorophosphate exposure

Characterization of organophosphate‐induced brain injuries in a convulsive mouse model of diisopropylfluorophosphate exposure

Eugenol inhibits veratridine-induced non-convulsive seizures and wet dog shakes via blockage of sodium and calcium influx in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes

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