Models for predicting disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in drinking waters: A chronological review

Chowdhury, Shakhawat; Champagne, Pascale; McLellan, P. James

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.04.006

Cited by 289 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The reactivity of the organic matter changes throughout the year with the lowest 70 reactivity in winter, increasing in spring and reaching a maximum in autumn (Uyak et al 2008). Numerous studies have 71 also demonstrated the influence of operational parameters and water quality in the evolution of THMs in the water 72 distribution system (organic content, pH, water temperature, bromide ion concentrations, chlorine dose, reaction time, free 73 residual chorine) (Chowdhury et al 2009). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and spatial evolution of trihalomethanes in a drinking water distribution system according to the treatment process

Domínguez-Tello

Arias-Borrego

García‐Barrera

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and spatial evolution of trihalomethanes in a drinking water distribution system according to the treatment process

Domínguez-Tello

Arias-Borrego

García‐Barrera

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The chronic daily intakes (CDI) of THMs through ingestion of drinking water is computed following USEPA [7,[12][13][14] as: …”

Section: Ingestion Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalinated and blended water in Saudi Arabia: human exposure and risk analysis from disinfection byproducts

Chowdhury

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. Saudi Arabia produces the largest amount of desalinated water as a single country. The desalinated water is typically blended with treated groundwater, pH adjusted and chlorinated prior to supply to the communities. The desalinated seawater and/or blended water contains various types of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), some of which may induce cancer risks to human through lifetime exposure. In this study, occurrences of trihalomethanes (THMs) in desalinated and blended water in Saudi Arabia were investigated and their exposure and risks were predicted. The chronic daily intakes of CHCl3, BDCM, DBCM and CHBr3 were estimated to be 8.38×10 -5 , 7.57×10 -5 , 2.54×10 -5 and 4.32×10 -4 mg/kg-day respectively. The overall cancer risk was 1.78×10 -5 with the range of 7.40×10 -7 -9.26×10 -5 and the average hazard index was 3.49×10 -2 with the range of 1.20×10 -3 -2.34×10 -1 . The loss of disability adjusted life years (DALY) were estimated to be 25.1 per year and the average cancer risk had 8.48×10 -7 DALY per person per year. The financial burden was estimated to be US$2.72 million with the range of US$2.52-2.91 million. The findings may assist in better understanding and reducing cancer risks from DBPs in desalinated and blended water.

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“…Liang and Singer [23] reported that bromine reacts more with hydrophilic compounds than with hydrophobic compounds. Chowdhury et al [51] reported that waters without Br mainly form the chlorinated only THM (i.e., CHCl 3 ) due to reactions between hypochlorous acid and hydrophobic fractions of DOM, while for waters with Br, the hydrophilic fractions of DOM form brominated THMs through reactions with hypobromous acid. As such, with enhanced coagulation and high removal of hydrophobic compounds, there would be greater potential for brominated compounds to be formed.…”

Section: Trihalomethane Formation Potential (Thmfp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of dissolved organic matter for prediction of trihalomethane formation potential in surface and sub-surface waters

Awad

Leeuwen

Chow

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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h i g h l i g h t s• Models of THMFP based on the character of precursor organics were developed.• UV 254 , HPSEC-UV and F-EEM provided data that could be used for THMFP prediction.• High removal of humic compounds by enhanced coagulation led to lower THM formation. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters used for drinking purposes can vary markedly in character dependent on their sources within catchments. The character of DOM further influences the formation of disinfection by products when precursor DOM present in drinking water reacts with chlorine during disinfection. Here we report the development of models that describe the formation potential of trihalomethanes (THMFP) dependent on the character of DOM in waters from discrete catchments with specific land-use and soil textures. DOM was characterized based on UV absorbance at 254 nm, apparent molecular weight and relative abundances of protein-like and humic-like compounds. DOM character and Br concentration (up to 0.5 mg/L) were used as variables in models (R 2 > 0.93) of THMFP, which ranged from 19 to 649 g/L. Chloroform concentration (12 − 594 g/L) and relative abundance (27 − 99%) were first modeled (R 2 > 0.85) and from these, the abundances of bromodichloromethane and chlorodibromomethane estimated using power and exponential functions, respectively (R 2 > 0.98). From these, the abundance of bromoform is calculated. The proposed model may be used in risk assessment of catchment factors on formation of trihalomethanes in drinking water, in context of treatment efficiency for removal of organic matter. a r t i c l e i n f oCrown Copyright © 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Abbreviations: AromDOC, aromatic-organic compounds concentration; Br, bromide ion concentration in raw waters; CHBr2Cl, chloro-dibromomethane formation potential; CHBr3, bromoform formation potential; CHCl2Br, bromo-dichloromethane formation potential; CHCl3, chloroform formation potential; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; DOM, dissolved organic matter; FA, percentage abundance of fulvic-like; HA, percentage abundance of humic-like; MW, molecular weight; NOM, natural organics matter; NonAromDOC, non-aromatic-organic compounds concentration; P(1), area under Peak 1; P(2-3), area under peaks 2&3; P(4-5), area under peaks 4&5; P(6-7), area under peaks 6&7; P(8-9), area under peaks 8&9; PI, percentage abundance of protein1-like; PII, percentage abundance of protein2-like; R 2 , coefficient of determination; SE, standard deviation; SMP, percentage abundance of soluble microbial protein-like; SUVA, Specific UV absorbance; THMFP, trihalomethane formation potential; UV254, UV absorbance at wavelength 254 nm.

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Models for predicting disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in drinking waters: A chronological review

Cited by 289 publications

References 85 publications

Seasonal and spatial evolution of trihalomethanes in a drinking water distribution system according to the treatment process

Seasonal and spatial evolution of trihalomethanes in a drinking water distribution system according to the treatment process

Desalinated and blended water in Saudi Arabia: human exposure and risk analysis from disinfection byproducts

Characterization of dissolved organic matter for prediction of trihalomethane formation potential in surface and sub-surface waters

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