Models for Investigating the Aetiology of Cerebral Arterial Spasm: Comparative Responses of the Human Basilar Artery With Rat Colon, Anococcygeus, Stomach Fundus, and Aorta and Guinea‐pig Ileum and Colon

Abstract

1 The pharmacological similarity between human basilar artery and a number of isolated tissues (rat colon, anococcygeus, stomach fundus and aorta and guinea-pig ileum and colon) has been assessed during investigations of the aetiology of cerebral arterial spasm. 2 The responses of each of the six tissues to human normal and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to human serum were compared with those of the human isolated basilar artery. 3 These studies revealed the presence of a vasodilator factor in CSF from subarachnoid haemorrhage patients and several tissues may be of use for further work in identifying the vasoactive substances in CSF. 4 No tissue displayed exactly the same spectrum of biological reactivity as the human basilar artery. The rat stomach fundus showed the closest similarity and was further studied for similarities in drug-induced responses. 5 The rat stomach fundus, like the human basilar artery, was contracted by 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin F2X and histamine and relaxed by dopamine. However, noradrenaline relaxed the fundus but contracted the basilar artery.

Relationship between presence of vasoconstrictor activity in cerebrospinal fluid and time after subarachnoid haemorrhage from rupture of cerebral arterial aneurysms.

“…In any event the relationship between constrictor factor activity and prognosis is not simple. In addition to the vasoconstrictor factor we have previously detected an unidentified "relaxing substance" in CSF from patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (Boullin et al, 1978b). Furthermore, some of the CSF samples in this study relaxed the rat stomach fundus, and this relaxation could be consistently reproduced with a number of CSF samples (Fig.…”

“…The setting up of the rat stomach fundus has been described by Boullin et al (1978b). Electronically amplified isotonic muscle responses were recorded using the transducer system of Boullin et al (1976) without further modification.…”

“…Recently, we monitored the responses of the isolated rat stomach fundus to blood, cellular extracts, and CSF from subarachnoid haemorrhage patients with and without preor postoperative CAS (Boullin et al, 1978b). In the light of results obtained from this study it was decided to use the rat stomach fundus to investigate the possible relationship between CAS, clinical condition, and CSF vasoactivity.…”

Histamine‐enhanced contractile responses of gastric smooth muscle via interstitial cells of Cajal in the Syrian hamster

“…Histamine is released from enterochromaffin‐like (ECL) cells in the gastric mucosa underlying the epithelium and induces secretion of gastric acid by acting on gastric parietal cells via H2 receptors . The monoamine is known to evoke contraction and/or relaxation of smooth muscles existing in various tissues, including the trachea, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract, via H1 and H2 receptors . However, the regulatory roles of histamine in gastric motility are still controversial, as histamine causes a wide variety of responses in smooth muscles depending on the species and/or region of the stomach.…”

“…15 The monoamine is known to evoke contraction and/or relaxation of smooth muscles existing in various tissues, including the trachea, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract, via H1 and H2 receptors. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] However, the regulatory roles of histamine in gastric motility are still controversial, as histamine causes a wide variety of responses in smooth muscles depending on the species and/or region of the stomach. For example, the fundus smooth muscle of the guinea-pig has been shown to contract in response to histamine, [26][27][28][29] whereas that of the rat is almost insensitive (30Huidobro1985).…”