Models and Simulations for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)

Kessler, R.; Narayan, Gautham; Avelino, Arturo; Bachelet, E.; Biswas, Rahul; Brown, P. J.; Chernoff, David F.; Connolly, Andrew J.; Dai, Mi; Daniel, Scott F.; Stefano, Rosanne Di; Drout, M. R.; Galbany, L.; González–Gaitán, S.; Graham, M. L.; Hložek, Renée; Ishida, Emille E. O.; Guillochon, James; Jha, Saurabh W.; Jones, D. O.; Mandel, Kaisey S.; Muthukrishna, Daniel; O‘Grady, Anna J. G.; Peters, Christina; Pierel, Justin; Ponder, K. A.; Prša, Andrej; Rodney, Steven A.; Villar, A.

doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab26f1

Cited by 113 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 244 publications

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“…To evaluate the selection criteria applied during the real-time observations, we model our search and selection methodology on simulated SNe and KNe using the SuperNova ANAlysis software suite (SNANA; Kessler et al 2009). The SNe and KNe models employed here are the same models used in the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time-series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC; Kessler et al 2019). The SNe templates are derived from observations, while the KNe templates are generated from theoretical models.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the Physical Properties of GW190814 through Simulations Based on DECam Follow-up Observations by the Dark Energy Survey

Morgan

Soares-Santos

Annis

et al. 2020

ApJ

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On 2019 August 14, the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations detected gravitational waves from a black hole and a 2.6 solar mass compact object, possibly the first neutron star-black hole merger. In search of an optical counterpart, the Dark Energy Survey (DES) obtained deep imaging of the entire 90% confidence level localization area with Blanco/DECam 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 16 nights after the merger. Objects with varying brightness were detected by the DES Pipeline, and we systematically reduced the candidate counterparts through catalog matching, light-curve properties, host-galaxy photometric redshifts, Southern Astrophysical Research spectroscopic follow-up observations, and machine-learning-based photometric classification. All candidates were rejected as counterparts to the merger. To quantify the sensitivity of our search, we applied our selection criteria to full light-curve simulations of supernovae and kilonovae as they would appear in the DECam observations. Because the source class of the merger was uncertain, we utilized an agnostic, three-component kilonova model based on tidally disrupted neutron star (NS) ejecta properties to quantify our detection efficiency of a counterpart if the merger included an NS. We find that, if a kilonova occurred during this merger, configurations where the ejected matter is greater than 0.07 solar masses, has lanthanide abundance less than 10 −8.56 , and has a velocity between 0.18c and 0.21c are disfavored at the 2σ level. Furthermore, we estimate that our background reduction methods are capable of associating gravitational wave signals with a detected electromagnetic counterpart at the 4σ level in 95% of future follow-up observations.

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Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraints on the Physical Properties of GW190814 through Simulations Based on DECam Follow-up Observations by the Dark Energy Survey

Morgan

Soares-Santos

Annis

et al. 2020

ApJ

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“…The locus is also consistent with the volumetric SN Ia rate at z ≈ 0 converted by Li et al (2011) to 2.7 ± 0.3 × 10 −5 yr −1 Mpc −3 h 3 70 . While the broken power-law model is useful for predicting yields from volumetric surveys, e.g., for the Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST, Hounsell et al 2018) and the Large Synoptics Survey Telescope (LSST, Kessler et al 2019), it does not inherently reveal much on the nature of SN Ia progenitor mechanisms, which is better done through an assessment of delay-time distributions.…”

Section: Delay Time Distributions From Volumetric Sn Ia Rates and Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Delay Time Distributions of Type Ia Supernovae from Galaxy and Cosmic Star Formation Histories

Strolger

Rodney

Pacifici

et al. 2020

ApJ

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We present analytical reconstructions of type Ia supernova (SN Ia) delay time distributions (DTDs) by way of two independent methods: by a Markov chain Monte Carlo best-fit technique comparing the volumetric SN Ia rate history to today's compendium cosmic star-formation history, and secondly through a maximum likelihood analysis of the star formation rate histories of individual galaxies in the GOODS/CANDELS field, in comparison to their resultant SN Ia yields. We adopt a flexible skewnormal DTD model, which could match a wide range of physically motivated DTD forms. We find a family of solutions that are essentially exponential DTDs, similar in shape to the β ≈ −1 power-law DTDs, but with more delayed events (> 1 Gyr in age) than prompt events (< 1 Gyr). Comparing these solutions to delay time measures separately derived from field galaxies and galaxy clusters, we find the skew-normal solutions can accommodate both without requiring a different DTD form in different environments. These model fits are generally inconsistent with results from single-degenerate binary population synthesis models, and are seemingly supportive of double-degenerate progenitors for most SN Ia events.

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“…To simulate events, SNANA needs three ingredients (Kessler et al 2019b;Brout et al 2019b): (1) a source model, to generate a variety of spectral energy distributions (SEDs); (2) a noise model, to convert true magnitudes to true fluxes with a certain cadence, and apply Poisson noise to get measured fluxes; and (3) a trigger model, to define the final sample by applying spectroscopic selection functions or candidate logic (e.g., at least two detections). As a source model, we use the "SNII-NMF" model used for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC; Kessler et al 2019a). It consists of a SED, which is a linear combination of three "eigenvectors" built using hundreds of well-observed SNe II after applying a non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) as a dimensionality reduction technique.…”

Section: Simulated Distance Modulus Bias Versus Redshiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Type II supernovae as cosmological standard candles using the Dark Energy Survey

Jaeger¹,

Galbany

González–Gaitán

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Despite vast improvements in the measurement of the cosmological parameters, the nature of dark energy and an accurate value of the Hubble constant (H0) in the Hubble–Lemaître law remain unknown. To break the current impasse, it is necessary to develop as many independent techniques as possible, such as the use of Type II supernovae (SNe II). The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of SNe II for deriving accurate extragalactic distances, which will be an asset for the next generation of telescopes where more-distant SNe II will be discovered. More specifically, we present a sample from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN) consisting of 15 SNe II with photometric and spectroscopic information spanning a redshift range up to 0.35. Combining our DES SNe with publicly available samples, and using the standard candle method (SCM), we construct the largest available Hubble diagram with SNe II in the Hubble flow (70 SNe II) and find an observed dispersion of 0.27 mag. We demonstrate that adding a colour term to the SN II standardization does not reduce the scatter in the Hubble diagram. Although SNe II are viable as distance indicators, this work points out important issues for improving their utility as independent extragalactic beacons: find new correlations, define a more standard subclass of SNe II, construct new SN II templates, and dedicate more observing time to high-redshift SNe II. Finally, for the first time, we perform simulations to estimate the redshift-dependent distance-modulus bias due to selection effects.

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Models and Simulations for the Photometric LSST Astronomical Time Series Classification Challenge (PLAsTiCC)

Cited by 113 publications

References 244 publications

Constraints on the Physical Properties of GW190814 through Simulations Based on DECam Follow-up Observations by the Dark Energy Survey

Constraints on the Physical Properties of GW190814 through Simulations Based on DECam Follow-up Observations by the Dark Energy Survey

Delay Time Distributions of Type Ia Supernovae from Galaxy and Cosmic Star Formation Histories

Studying Type II supernovae as cosmological standard candles using the Dark Energy Survey

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