Models and Methods for Assessing the Value of HVDC and MVDC Technologies in Mondern Power Grids

High Penetration Power Electronics Grid: Modeling and Simulation Gap Analysis

“…One of the studies considers the benefits of introducing a higher penetration of solid-state power substations like HVdc systems. An Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) [28,29] study considered different configurations of HVdc systems based on voltage-source converters (VSCs) and line-commuted converters (LCCs) connecting US interconnections. One configuration is a VSC based multiterminal direct current (MTdc) systems connecting EI, ERCOT, and Western Interconnection (WI) grids.…”

“…Organization/Reference Scenarios and Studies Challenges Identified Outcomes ORNL, PNNL [28,29] Different configurations of HVdc systems based on VSCs and LCCs connecting US interconnections have been researched.…”

“…The typical simulation of duration of components is hundreds of milliseconds to two seconds with a time step on the order of nanoseconds to microseconds. The number of states simulated is on the order of tens of thousands (with a maximum of 50,000 estimated), and the time taken to simulate ranges from 1 min to 10 h [28,29].…”

“…The typical duration of simulation in TS simulators is up to 60 s with a time step of millisecond(s). The number of states simulated is on the order of millions (with a maximum of up to 3.5 million estimated) and the time taken to simulate ranges from 0.5 to 1 h [28].…”

“…These simulations are typically at a specific snapshot in time domain. The number of states simulated is on the order of thousands (with a maximum of 160,000 estimated), and the EI grid described in [28] takes seconds to simulate.…”