Models and Critical Maneuvers for Road Vehicles

Abstract

The cover: The cover illustration is based on an "accidental" photograph (he claims) taken at Mantorp Park by Viktor Svensson, here used with his permission. Typeset with L A T E X 2εPrinted by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden 2016 i AbstractAs manufacturers are pushing their research and development toward more simulation based and computer aided methods, vehicle dynamics modeling and simulation become more important than ever. The challenge lies in how to utilize the new technology to its fullest, delivering the best possible performance given certain objectives and current restrictions. Here, optimization methods in different forms can be a tremendous asset. However, the solution to an optimization problem will always rely on the problem formulation, where model validity plays a crucial role. The main emphasis in this thesis lies within methodology and analysis of optimal control oriented topics for safety-critical road-vehicle maneuvers. A crucial element here is the vehicle models. This is investigated as a first study, evaluating the degree to which different model configurations can represent the lateral vehicle dynamics in critical maneuvers, where it is shown that even the low-complexity models describe the most essential vehicle characteristics surprisingly well.How to formulate the optimization problems and utilize optimal control tools is not obvious. Therefore, a methodology for road-vehicle maneuvering in safety-critical driving scenarios is presented, and used in evaluation studies of various vehicle model configurations and different road-surface conditions. It was found that the overall dynamics is described similarly for both the highand low-complexity models, as well as for various road-surface conditions.If more information about the surroundings is available, the best control actions might differ from the ones in traditional safety systems. This is also studied, where the fundamental control strategies of classic electronic stability control is compared to the optimal strategy in a safety-critical scenario. It is concluded that the optimal braking strategy not only differs from the traditional strategies, but actually counteracts the fundamental intentions from which the traditional systems are based on.In contrast to passenger cars, heavy trucks experience other characteristics due to the different geometric proportions. Rollover is one example, which has to be considered in critical maneuvering. Model configurations predicting this phenomenon are investigated using optimal control methods. The results show that the simple first go-to models have to be constrained very conservatively to prevent rollover in more rapid maneuvers.In vehicle systems designed for path following, which has become a trending topic with the expanding area of automated driving, the requirements on vehicle modeling can be very high. These requirements ultimately depend on several various properties, where the path restrictions and path characteristics are very influential factors. The interplay between these path prop...