Modelos explicativos da chamada economia colonial e a ideia de Monarquia Pluricontinental: notas de um ensaio

Abstract

This paper presents ideas discussed within the CNPq group Ancien Régime in the Tropics and with Portuguese researchers (Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Universidade de Évora) about Brazil and the Portuguese Empire from the 16th to 18th centuries. One of the ideas discussed was Multi-continental monarchy, which aims to look beyond the theory of the Portuguese-speaking American colony as a mere slavery-based sugar plantation subject to the whims of a supposed commercial capitalism and an Absolutist State. Instead, it understands, roughly speaking, the relationships between center and periphery in the Portuguese monarchy ("metropolis and colony") that were corporate and polisinodal, guided by the predominant worldview of that time in Southern Europe. According to this concept, the Prince was the head of the society, though he was not to be confused with it. Hence, the possibility existed of negotiations between local Authorities, including those from overseas possessions, and the Central Government. The idea of a Multicontinental monarchy also stresses that the history of Brazil and Portugal in the modern era should be understood through the dynamics of the Portuguese overseas Empire. That is, one of the keys (but not the only one) to understanding American society was through the traces of the Ancien Régime, such as a social hierarchy based on the estates of the realm, Catholic discipline and municipal self-government. Likewise, for Portugal, this concept implicitly emphasizes the existence of a King and an aristocracy dependent on its overseas possessions. It is from this scenario that the article develops the theory of an Ancien Régime in the tropics, by attempting to perceive the tension and the dynamics of a society based simultaneously on the Catholic Ancien Régime and on African slavery. One of the results of that dynamic was the intertwining of the stratified social hierarchy with social mobility, which took the form of social groups emerging out of slavery (freed slaves, mulattos, etc.), and a landed nobility based not on large estates but on the conquest of land and on customary practices in the Americas. The paper also presents a brief discussion of historiography and calls attention to new empirical sources.

<b>Um estudo sobre a relação entre Caio Prado Júnior e Fernando A. Novais<b>

“…Assim, Gorender (1978), considerando Caio Prado um historiador da época colonial, concebe a historiografia relativa à colonização como um processo evolutivo onde, a cada passo, verifica-se uma revolução metodológica, aproximando-se, aos poucos, do verdadeiro significado do fenômeno colonial. Caio Prado teria seu valor pelo fato de romper com a teoria dos ciclos, pois, "[...] descobriu neles manifestações seqüenciais de algo mais profundo, de uma realidade permanente e imanente -a 'estrutura exportadora' da economia colonial" (GORENDER, 1978, p. 17, grifo do autor).…”

Closing doors (1780-1813): the liquidation process at General Company of Pernambuco and Paraíba

“…Practice Literature (examples) (Bicalho, 2003;Fragoso et al, 2000;Fragoso & Gouvea, 2009;Fragoso, 2012;Hespanha, 2010;Monteiro, 2010Monteiro, , 2012cSchwartz, 2011;Subtil, 1998b) (Chaudhuri, 1981;Dibadj, 2011;Gelderblom, Jong, & Jonker, 2011;Hussey, 1934;Jones & Ville, 1996b;Jongh, 2011;Marcos, 1997;Ogilvie, 2011;Philips, 1961;Ville & Jones, 1995) S3 -Business dictionary -Book about DEB -Accounting books (ANTT) (Andrade, 2013;Baladouni, 1986Baladouni, , 1990Carvalho, Rodrigues, & Craig, 2007;De Roover, 1937;Oliveira, 2014;Yamey, 1997Yamey, , 2012) Figure 3 -Elements of the comparative analysis of issues S1, S2, and S3 (1759-1780) After the preliminary analysis of the period between 1759 and 1780, it started the analysis of the main period, the liquidation process. At this point, the objective is to and the ties between PPC's stakeholders (4.2.4).…”

“…The studies that question the effectiveness of the governing power of the Portuguese colonial empire gave support to this dissertation. The so-called Portuguese empire would be a multi-continental monarchy consisting of only a kingdom, an aristocracy, and many conquests spread across throughout America, Africa and Asia (Fragoso & Gouvea, 2009;Fragoso, 2012;Hespanha, 2001;Monteiro, 2010). The concept of multi-continental monarchy refers not only to the Empire's geographical-space dimension but also the links between the several geographical areas.…”

“…He symbolically represents the social body, although it was not to be confused with it. It means that the king did not hold an absolute power of governance of the empire, as this was shared in the political space with institutions of several hierarchies and agents (Bicalho, 2003;Fragoso, 2012;Gouvea, 2010;Hespanha, 2001). Each of these institutions and agents itself comprises a "network of organization which are connected, with varying degrees of affirmation, through a common authority, overlapping personnel, personal relationships, contracts, perceived identities of interest, a sense of affinity within a transcendent whole and a territorial location possessing symbolic value" (Shils, 1982, p. 94).…”

“…A division should be materialized concerning the political and legal autonomy of these entities, being the king a representation of the unity of the body. The king should articulate the jurisdictions of the various parts to ensure harmony and balance necessary for the conservation of the vast empire (Bicalho, 2003;Fragoso et al, 2000;Fragoso & Gouvea, 2009;Fragoso, 2012;Hespanha, 2001;Monteiro, 2012b).…”