Modelo colaborativo basado en geodiseño para la red de transporte de energía eléctrica: sistematización de la geo-información en el ciclo de vida de los proyectos

Abstract

High-voltage electrical infrastructure projects are developed sequentially in different phases: planning, environmental analysis of alternatives, definition of the engineering project, obtaining permits and construction. Each of them is made up of different processes in which the technical aspects are not the only ones to take into account. In the design of the project, different technically valid alternatives can be established that affect in a different way the territory they cross and, therefore, the number and type of stakeholders with which some type of communication must be established. Furthermore, projects are not always designed by the same organizational unit or the same technicians, but may involve different technicians, units or subcontracted companies. In this sense, the thesis addresses a methodological approach and a framework based on geodesign that will allow establishing the methodology to manage the geographic information of the projects, integrating the models of: understanding the scope of study, proposal for change, and evaluation of the impact of the proposed changes, land occupation and decision models that are implemented through geoprocessing models throughout its design.On the other hand, it is known that society and some groups feel needs and concerns related to electrical infrastructure. Concerns can provoke opposition and hinder the development of the Electricity Transmission Network -ETN. In the ETN development area there are two main areas that can be differentiated: "the technical area of the electricity sector" and the "area of the territory". The first one covers the need for the ETN development, and the second one covers perceptions and evaluations of the specific results of that development. In both areas, stakeholders raise different concerns and needs regarding visual intrusion into the landscape, property values, the environment, health, fairness and perceived transparency.The thesis also addresses the integrated management of the stakeholders, in the geodesign models and in the traceability of the Geographical Information used in the design of the infrastructure, so that the response and its management throughout the project is done in accordance to homogeneous and corporate criteria, avoiding subjectivity and improvisation.The main contribution of the thesis is a geodesign-based framework for electrical energy transport infrastructure projects, based on the management of the Geographic Information on which decisions are made. This information also provides the support to manage the stakeholders by their geographical area of influence, and facilitates the execution of numerous geoprocessing algorithms that systematize the tasks of the different phases of the project, homogenizing its design, while supporting the models of the geodesign methodology and enable the traceability of decision making.