Modelling Under-Five Mortality through Multilevel Structured Additive Regression with Varying Coefficients for Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Harttgen, Kenneth; Lang, Stefan; Santer, Judith; Seiler, Johannes

doi:10.1080/00220388.2018.1563681

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In terms of household environmental indicators, such as toilet facility, source of drinking water, and type of fuel used, Muslims are better compared to Hindu counterparts throughout the period of 1992-1993 to 2015-2016. Household wealth status and duration of stay at the place of residence are negatively associated with child mortality, while the evidence on the relationship between household size and child mortality is mixed or unclear (Guillot & Allendorf, 2010;Harttgen et al, 2019). In terms of all these three indicators, the situation improved more among Hindus than Muslims from 1992-1993 to 2015-2016 (Appendix Table 6).…”

Section: Definition Of Advantage and Disadvantage Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the diminishing of Muslim advantage in child survival in India

Ganguly

Goli

Rammohan

2022

Genus

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Religion is one of the key instrumental social institutions in determining child health and mortality. Muslim advantage in child survival in India has been widely reported. Recent India’s National Family Health Survey (NFHS) shows that the gap between Hindu–Muslim childhood mortality rates is shrinking—reversing decades of child survival advantage for Muslims. This study examines the factors linked to the diminishing of Muslim advantage in childhood survival and attempts to uncover the mechanisms accounting for the convergence using the characteristics hypothesis of Goldscheider (Population, modernization, and social structure Little, Brown & Co; 1971) and the analytical framework of Guillot and Allendorf (Genus 66(2), 2010). We have analyzed a pooled sample of 23,47,245 all live births and 428,541 of last live births from four rounds of NFHS (1992–2016). Kaplan–Meier survival plots over time by religion confirm convergence in Hindu–Muslim child survival probabilities. The Pyatt decomposition model reveals that the gap in Hindu–Muslim childhood mortality is diminishing due to a decline in within-Hindu inequality. Cox proportional hazard regression model shows that improvement in household and maternal socioeconomic factors has contributed to Hindu children catching up with Muslims—leading to a convergence in Hindu–Muslim childhood survival probabilities. Conditional β-convergence regression model also suggests the convergence in socio-economic status and maternal health care is driving the convergence in child survival of Hindus and Muslims across Indian states.

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Section: Definition Of Advantage and Disadvantage Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the diminishing of Muslim advantage in child survival in India

Ganguly

Goli

Rammohan

2022

Genus

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“…Poor health outcome is a prominent feature that characterizes several developing countries. For example, sub-Saharan Africa and Asian regions have revealed significant under-five deaths (Harttgen et al , 2020). According to the World Health Organisation (2020), in sub-Saharan African countries, one child in thirteen dies before reaching five due to preventable and treatable causes (birth complications, pneumonia, congenital anomalies, diarrhoea and malaria).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural resource effect on child health outcomes in a multifactor health production model in developing countries

Gani

2022

IJSE

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PurposeThis study investigates if wealth from natural resources impacts child health in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology includes testing the effect of rents from natural resources on under-five mortality rates using a multifactor health production model for 57 developing nations. The panel estimation procedure was applied to data covering 2002 to 2017, disaggregated by non-renewable and renewable resources and low and medium human development countries.FindingsThe results provide strong evidence that wealth from total natural resources has not been associated with reductions in under-five mortality rates. However, disaggregation of the sample countries by natural resource constituents revealed that only the wealth of non-renewable is strongly inversely associated with under-five mortality rates. Further disaggregation of countries by the low and medium human development constituents revealed a statistically insignificant negative correlation of non-renewable resources wealth and under-five mortality in the low human development countries. In contrast, the results of the medium human development countries revealed that wealth from natural resources (both non-renewable and renewable) had not been associated with any reductions in under-five mortality rates. The results also confirm that immunization levels, nutrition, private spending on health care, air quality, urban living and countries closer to the equator are other strong correlates of under-five mortality rates in low human development countries.Social implicationsThe findings here have implications for the timely achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (to reduce under-five deaths to around 25 per 1,000 live births by 2030). Governments ought to ensure that incomes from the extractive sector are aligned in forms that promote and feed into improving child health wellbeing.Originality/valueThis research creates a shift from aggregate health wellbeing research agenda to investigate how specific aspects of human development can be linked to wealth from non-renewable and renewable natural resources in developing nations. It adds new knowledge and provides health and natural resources policymakers opportunities to combine their policies and synergize efforts to improve child health outcomes.

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“…One of the important goals of UN Sustainable Development Goals is to scale down under-five mortality rate to 25 deaths per 1,000 live births by 2030 (UN, 2015). Further, its importance is reinstated, as it is widely used as a summary measure of a country’s health and development, plight of health services as well as social and economic conditions (Harttgen et al , 2019; Krishnan et al , 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of child survival with birth size and mother’s BMI: a human right approach

Singh

Jain

2021

IJHRH

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Purpose Children are the most vulnerable group owing to long lasting impact of the violation of human rights in term of proper nutrition and their right to live. The purpose of this paper is to assess the risk of child mortality associated with size of child at birth and mother’s anemia level in northern India. Design/methodology/approach The data were used from 2015–2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The participants (n = 41,412) were children aged under-five years from north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The main outcome measure was child deaths defined by under-five mortality. The univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were used in data analysis. Kaplan–Meier analyses, Log-rank tests and Cox’s regression analyses were performed to fulfill the objective of the study. Findings There were a total of 2,835 deaths out of 41,412 births in the past five years preceding the survey period. Children of very small size at birth were significantly two and half times more likely to die than children of average size at birth. The estimated adjusted hazard ratio indicated that the children of severely anemic mothers were significantly 1.5 times more likely to die compared to children of not anemic mothers. Size of child at birth, mother’s anemia level, mother’s age at time of her first birth, wealth index and mother’s education were significantly associated with the under-five mortality in northern India. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is recall errors arising from the dates of birth and death given by women interviewed in the survey were minimized by restricting the analyses to births within the five-year period preceding the survey. Practical implications This study advocates the promotion of comprehensive prevention strategies through appropriate institutional mechanism would be the best intervention or adaptive mechanism to reduce the adverse impact of size of child at birth, mother’s anemia level on under-five mortality in Uttar Pradesh, India. Originality/value This research is original. This study enjoys a unique importance by exploring effect of size of child at birth and mother’s anemia on child survival in developing countries like India.

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Modelling Under-Five Mortality through Multilevel Structured Additive Regression with Varying Coefficients for Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 47 publications

Explaining the diminishing of Muslim advantage in child survival in India

Explaining the diminishing of Muslim advantage in child survival in India

Natural resource effect on child health outcomes in a multifactor health production model in developing countries

Association of child survival with birth size and mother’s BMI: a human right approach

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