KEY FINDINGSn Machine learning (ML) methods have several advantages that can lead to successful applications in active portfolio management, including the ability to capture nonlinear patterns and a focus on prediction through ensemble learning.n ML methods can be applied to different steps of the investment process, including signal generation, portfolio construction, and trade execution, with reinforcement learning expected to play a more significant role in the industry.n Empirically, the investment performance of ML-based active exchange-traded funds is mixed.