Modelling the transport of engineered metallic nanoparticles in the river Rhine

Assessing the Risk of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Environment: Development and Application of the nanoFate Model

“…47 The range in previous TiO 2 PECs is quite wide ( Figure 5C). 37,[47][48][49]52,61,73,74,144 nanoFate results fall within this range, except in suspended sediment and biosolids-agricultural soils where our results tend to be somewhat higher, due to our more realistic assumption that biosolids are only applied to a fraction of agricultural lands. For ZnO, our predictions fall within previous predicted ranges except for suspended sediment, where nanoFate predicts much higher concentrations, and somewhat lower than previous predictions in the freshwater column and in marine sediment ( Figure 5D).…”

“…For ZnO, our predictions fall within previous predicted ranges except for suspended sediment, where nanoFate predicts much higher concentrations, and somewhat lower than previous predictions in the freshwater column and in marine sediment ( Figure 5D). 47,49,52,61,62 In a spatial model, Dale et al predict the 95th percentile total Zn from ZnO in a watershed to range from 10 −8 and 10 −2 μg/L which is similar to the range predicted by nanoFate (10 −6 and 10 −3 μg/L), even with rather different loading and spatial resolution. 57 nanoFate sediment [ENM] predictions tend to be on the low-end relative to previous models, resulting from the inclusion of dissolution in freshwater and marine sediment.…”

“…and temporal data for calibration (e.g., flow gauges in the river and tributaries, sediment bed depth over time, suspended sediments, water quality), which may not be easily available for other locations. 57,61,62 Higher spatial and temporal resolution is gained but at the cost of significant complexity.…”

Multimedia environmental fate and speciation of engineered nanoparticles: a probabilistic modeling approach

“…A formal validation by means of a comparison between measured and modeled environmental concentrations is thus hampered 14 or even impossible. 22 Indicative validations of nano-CeO 2 , -TiO 2 , and -ZnO in surface waters 23,78,79 and air 80 can only be performed by comparing the PECs calculated with SB4N's model simulations with elemental mass concentrations of Ce, Ti, and Zn filtered for <450 nm submicron particles. 22 These filtered concentrations actually reflect the sum of elemental mass concentrations able to pass through the <450 nm filter including natural colloids, dissolved elemental species, ENP hetero-aggregates and free species of ENPs.…”

Use of filtration techniques to study environmental fate of engineered metallic nanoparticles: Factors affecting filter performance

“…For instance, ENPs have already been demonstrated to be released from consumer goods [3], during washing of textiles [4,14,40], and via surface run-off from coated faç ades [20,19], and have been detected in effluents from wastewater treatment plants [21,39], indicating that conventional (waste)water treatment processes might be insufficient in removing ENPs [34,41]. Therefore, increasing concern has been raised within the scientific community regarding the occurrence, behaviour, and fate of these emerging contaminants in aquatic systems [28], in particular on their removal and fractionation methodologies [42].…”