Modelling the Specific Grinding Energy and Ball-Mill Scaleup

Tsakalakis, Konstantinos; Stamboltzis, G.A.

doi:10.1016/s1474-6670(17)30999-0

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The whole rock major and trace elements composition are shown in Table 1. The Bond Work Index of the ore is found to be 19.04 kWh/t, which falls in the hard ore category of the ore hardness index [35].…”

Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Beneficiation Studies of the Low-Grade Skarn Phosphate from Mactung Tungsten Deposit, Yukon, Canada

Dzemua

Liu

2021

Minerals

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A preliminary beneficiation study of low-grade skarn phosphate rocks from Mactung tungsten deposit, along the Yukon and Northwest Territories border in Canada, was carried out through standard Bond Work Index, grinding test and laboratory batch flotation tests. The skarn phosphate sample assayed 12.65% P2O5 (about 30% apatite), 31.71% CaO and 35.46% SiO2. The main gangue minerals included calcite, quartz, calc-silicates, amphibole, feldspar, and pyrrhotite. The sample had a Bond Work Index of 19.04 kWh/t, belonging to a hard ore category. The beneficiation study of the skarn phosphate sample was carried out using “direct–reverse flotation” method. The direct flotation was carried out using sodium carbonate, sodium silicate solution (water glass) and sodium oleate. Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid were used in the reverse flotation of the carbonate gangue. One phosphorous rougher flotation, one bulk cleaner flotation and one carbonate reverse flotation at ore grind size of 86% passing 53 µm led to a phosphate concentrate assaying 28.68% P2O5, 12.06% SiO2, 0.72% MgO and 46.98% CaO, at a P2O5 recovery of 70.9%.

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Section: Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Beneficiation Studies of the Low-Grade Skarn Phosphate from Mactung Tungsten Deposit, Yukon, Canada

Dzemua

Liu

2021

Minerals

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“…For the calculation of required energy the following considerations are made: the intermetallic compound has a high hardness, the mean size for the feed particle diameter Df = 10 mm, final product particle diameter d = 40 µm (mean size of the powder particles produced). The milling energy was computed according to Tsakalakis and Stamboltzis (Tsakalakis et al 2004). The milling process is considered to be undertaken in two stages:…”

Section: Required Energy For Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Metallic Powder Production

Martínez

Lagos-Galván

2021

Preprint

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Intermetallic Fe-Al compounds have become very interesting materials due to their properties, such as good corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, high resistance/weight ratios, creep resistance, good wear resistance, and low cost, including some applications where they could replace stainless steels. However, their low ductility at room temperature has limited their use. One of the solutions is to generate powders of these intermetallics and press them in the wished form. Current production methods of this type of powders are very high energy-consuming, polluting, and harmful for handling for human beings. Because of the environmental situation in our planet, it is necessary to develop more environmentally friendly processes, which have lower energy requirements. Therefore, a comparison of a novel water vapor-based FeAl powder manufacture process with Mechanical Alloying (MA), one of the most commonly used processes to produce this type of powder is made in this work. This comparison aims to focus on the advantages of the novel process concerning MA, the last one, considering environmental as well as energy criteria.

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“…The milling step is undertaken to increase the surface area to facilitate the rare earth extraction. The energy consumption of the ball-milling step can be estimated from the hardness of the material being milled, and the particle sizes before and after the milling [33,34] (SI Table 2). The grain size produced in the lab experiment is * 200 lm.…”

Section: Ball Milling Of Magnet Materials (Process Variant 1 Only)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ex-ante LCA Study of Rare Earth Extraction from NdFeB Magnet Scrap Using Molten Salt Electrolysis

Schulze

Abbasalizadeh

Bulach³

et al. 2018

J. Sustain. Metall.

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A new recycling process for the extraction of rare earths from neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnet scrap is being developed, based on the direct extraction of rare earths from end-of-life magnet material in a molten fluoride electrolysis bath. Rare earths are required in their metallic form for the production of new NdFeB magnets, and the suggested process achieves this through a single step. The process is being developed on a laboratory scale and has been proven to work in principle. It is expected to be environmentally beneficial when compared to longer processing routes. Conducting life cycle assessment at R&D stage can provide valuable information to help steer process development into an environmentally favorable direction. We conducted a life cycle assessment study to provide a quantitative estimate of the impacts associated with the process being developed and to compare the prospective impacts against those of the current state-of-the-art technology. The comparison of this recycling route with primary production shows that the recycling process has the potential for much lower process-specific impacts when compared against the current rare earth primary production route. The study also highlights that perfluorocarbon emissions, which occur during primary rare earth production, warrant further investigation. Keywords Rare earths Á Molten salt electrolysis Á Molten fluorides Á Recycling Á Ex-ante LCA Á Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emissions

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Modelling the Specific Grinding Energy and Ball-Mill Scaleup

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Beneficiation Studies of the Low-Grade Skarn Phosphate from Mactung Tungsten Deposit, Yukon, Canada

Beneficiation Studies of the Low-Grade Skarn Phosphate from Mactung Tungsten Deposit, Yukon, Canada

Towards Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Metallic Powder Production

An Ex-ante LCA Study of Rare Earth Extraction from NdFeB Magnet Scrap Using Molten Salt Electrolysis

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