Modelling the SAR and thermoregulatory response during far-field RF exposure

Laakso, Ilkka; Hirata, Akimasa

doi:10.1109/apemc.2012.6237846

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Note that the SAR limits are 2.0 for the head and body and 4.0 W/kg for the limbs. Details of the SAR and thermal effects [4][5][6][7][8][9] will be extended later in the paper.…”

Section: Bes Due To Interaction With Wctsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological and Medical Disturbances Due to Exposure to Fields Emitted by Electromagnetic Energy Devices—A Review

Razek

2022

Energies

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The use of electromagnetic systems in daily life is on the rise. The immediate environment, of these electromagnetic energy devices, is exposed to their emitted fields. Environmental disturbances from such exposure could be severe in many ways; one of the most important is health. This could be directly related to the human body or to healthcare sensing and interventional devices. The review of the biological effects and disturbances of medical instruments due to electromagnetic field exposure is the subject of this article. The analysis of the different types of exposure as well as their control to meet safety requirements are investigated involving energy devices covering wide ranges of power and frequency. Thus, biological effects of both wireless telecommunications tools and inductive charging systems are reviewed. Next, we survey electromagnetic disturbances in sensing and stimulation instruments joint to the human body as well as devices used in medical interventions. Means of evaluating and controlling the effects of electromagnetic fields, through electromagnetic compatibility analysis, experimentally and by numerical modeling are conferred and assessed.

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“…Note that the SAR limits are 2.0 for the head and body and 4.0 W/kg for the limbs. Details of the SAR and thermal effects [4][5][6][7][8][9] will be extended later in the paper.…”

Section: Bes Due To Interaction With Wctsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RF EMFs exposed object concerns the human head and body, we have to control the security conditions of emitting devices [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The temperature distributions in tissue exposed to these fields can be determined by solving the equation of bio-heat transfer [69].…”

Section: Sar and Thermal Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and Medical Disturbances Due to Exposure to Fields Emitted by Electromagnetic Energy Devices—A Review

Razek

2022

Energies

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“…In this case, moderate field strength but relatively high frequencies RF characterize the exposure of the human body to emissions from these devices. Such RF-EMF implies rigorous control of the safety conditions; see for example [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Humans exposed to RF-EMF endure biological effects (BE) which, with common use of RF tools, are primarily thermal due to energy dissipation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Categorization of Biological Effects and Atypical Symptoms Owing to Exposure to RF Fields from Wireless Energy Devices

Razek

2023

Applied Sciences

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Nowadays, environmental electromagnetic fields exist everywhere and the whole population is exposed. The most widespread technologies engendering exposure to electromagnetic fields for the public and workers are radiofrequency wireless communication systems. Such exposure can have direct effects on living tissue involving biological problems or personal symptoms, as well as indirect effects restricting healthcare appliances. This assessment aims to analyze, examine and categorize the consequences of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields emitted by radiofrequency devices. This concerns biological effects in living tissues and atypical personal symptoms for short and long-term exposures. The evaluation methodology in this field of investigation is also discussed. In the article, these consequences as well as their evaluation techniques, in the case of wireless digital communication tools, are analyzed and reviewed. The categorization of exposure sources, the corresponding effects and their assessment methodologies are analyzed. The concept of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and their applications in various assessments of these effects and symptoms are reviewed and discussed.

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Modelling the SAR and thermoregulatory response during far-field RF exposure

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Biological and Medical Disturbances Due to Exposure to Fields Emitted by Electromagnetic Energy Devices—A Review

Biological and Medical Disturbances Due to Exposure to Fields Emitted by Electromagnetic Energy Devices—A Review

Assessment and Categorization of Biological Effects and Atypical Symptoms Owing to Exposure to RF Fields from Wireless Energy Devices

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