Modelling the height, temperature and relative humidity of a well-mixed planetary boundary layer over a water surface

Økland, Hans

doi:10.1007/bf00123970

Cited by 18 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…Here we shall specifically consider the circumstance that it is a function of the vertical temperature profile in the source area, which varies within wide limits. Computations based on equations formulated elsewhere (Okland, 1983) show that for a mean vertical temperature lapse rate of 0.005 K m-I, the characteristic thickness may be in the range of 2000-3000 m in the southern part of the Norwegian Sea, in fair agreement with numerous observations. Nevertheless, convection has been observed to reach the height of 5000 m or more in some cases.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Heating by organized convection as a source of polar low intensification

Økland¹

1987

Tellus A

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The paper discusses some observeti characteristics which have not been taken into account in previous theoretical studies. For instance, a well-mixed convective boundary layer is a common feature of the synoptic situation when polar lows are observed. However, in the polar lows themselves, the convection seems to reach much higher levels. Also, many polar lows have a characteristic central domain with especially strong winds and large vorticity.A simple linear CISK model is used to estimate the intensification caused by the convection. The model is based on constraints imposed by the assumption of a well-mixed convective layer. Elements of the cloud physics are used to explain observed characteristics of clouds and precipitation. Finally, it is shown that additional growth rate may be expected if CISK is present in an environment of large relative vorticity. An observed case is studied in the light of the general ideas set forth in this paper.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Heating by organized convection as a source of polar low intensification

Økland¹

1987

Tellus A

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Modelling the dry deposition velocity of highly soluble gases to the sea surface

Joffre

1988

Atmospheric Environment (1967)

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Polar Lows

2003

207

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Introduction 1 1.1 Polar lows and other mesoscale lows in the polar regions 1 1.2 A brief historical review 3 1.3 Definition 10 1.4 Nomenclature 12 1.5 Classification 14 1.6 Cloud signatures 16 Climatology 52 2.1 The Arctic 52 2.2 The Antarctic 108 Observational studies 150 3.1 The Arctic 150 3.2 The Antarctic 246 Theoretical investigations 286 4.1 Introduction 286 4.2 Baroclinic instability 287 4.3 Barotropic instability 317 4.4 Potential vorticity thinking 321 4.5 The role of thermal instability in polar low formation and maintenance 335 4.6 Further theoretical considerations 393 4.7 Summary and concluding remarks 406 v vi Contents 5 Numerical simulation 405 5.1 The Arctic 405 5.2 The Antarctic 6 Forecasting of polar lows 501 6.1 Aspects common to both polar regions 501 6.2 Aspects of forecasting specific to the Arctic 510 6.3 Aspects of forecasting specific to the Antarctic 565 6.4 Future work required to improve forecasts 573 7 Conclusions and future research needs 575 7.1 The spatial distribution of polar lows and other high latitude mesoscale vortices 575 7.2 Possible climatic effects of polar lows 576 7.3 Observational and modelling studies 577 7.4 Formation and development mechanisms 577 7.5 Forecasting of polar lows 579 7.6 Final thoughts 579 References 580 Index 605

show abstract

Modelling the height, temperature and relative humidity of a well-mixed planetary boundary layer over a water surface

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Heating by organized convection as a source of polar low intensification

Heating by organized convection as a source of polar low intensification

Modelling the dry deposition velocity of highly soluble gases to the sea surface

Polar Lows

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