Molecular
dynamics simulation was performed to investigate the
adsorption and aqueous extraction of oil contaminants on silica surface
with various roughness. The oil dispersion and immersion were characterized
by molecular configuration, adsorption energy, and contact angle,
while the oil detachment in water and cyclodextrin solution was evaluated
by the overall extractability, extractability from the individual
groove, and free energy analysis. Results demonstrated that the main
resistance for oil release from the relatively shallow grooves was
the strong intermolecular interactions among the oil molecules orderly
stacked inside the grooves. It highlighted the role of cyclodextrin
in breaking through the energy barrier for pulling out one oil molecule
from the tightly stacked oil structure, which resulted in the fast
release of the remaining oil. Previous studies attributed the oil
extraction to the sequestration of oil into the hydrophobic cavity
of cyclodextrin, while our results demonstrated that such an inclusion
process was critical in initially destroying the stable structure
of the oil compacted inside the grooves but contributed little afterward.
To the best of our knowledge, this was the first molecular-level study
on the cyclodextrin-aided oil detachment from a mineral surface, which
improves our understanding of the oil cleanup mechanisms during aqueous
extraction.