Modelling the effects of trade on women, at work and at home: comparative perspectives

Abstract

Résumé Les répercussions d’une libéralisation commerciale pour les femmes varient selon leurs caractéristiques socio-économiques, leurs secteurs d’emploi et les pays. Dans cet article, il s’agit d’évaluer si de tels effets sont bien saisis au moyen d’une matrice de comptabilité sociale (MCS) et d’un modèle d’équilibre général calculable (MEGC) traitant séparément les femmes et les hommes. Le modèle est appliqué au Bangladesh et à la Zambie pour montrer comment les différences dans les dotations factorielles, les caractéristiques du marché du travail et les normes socio-culturelles déterminent l’influence d’une libéralisation commerciale sur les inégalités entre les sexes. L’article compare également les résultats des simulations à ceux d’autres approches de la littérature économique sur les inégalités hommes-femmes, discute les apports et les limites des analyses en équilibre général et propose des pistes pour de futures recherches. Classification JEL : D58; J16; J22.

Modelling Gender Dimensions of the Impact of Economic Reforms on Time Allocation among Market, Household, and Leisure Activities in Pakistan

“…Contrary to the results for Bangladesh, the abolition of tariff on manufactured imports causes smaller employment and wage gains for women than women in Zambia, while promotion of non-traditional agriculture exports benefits more to women in Zambia. Fontana (2003) explicitly highlights that the differences in resource endowments, labour market characteristics and socio cultural norm shape the way in which trade expansion affects gender inequalities in the countries. The study suggests that trade liberalisation has more favourable effects on women in a labour abundant country like Bangladesh than in a resource abundant country like Zambia.…”

“…Prior toFontana and Wood (2000), as far as I know only one study-Evans, 1972-for Australia distinguishes between male and female labour in CGE model.4 For detail discussion seeFontana and Wood (2000),Fontana (2001Fontana ( , 2002Fontana ( , 2003.…”

Macroeconomic Impacts of Gender Inequality and Informality in India

“…A considerably vast literature has investigated the effects of gender-specific policies with competitive labour markets. This literature can be broadly classified into talent allocation models (Cuberes and Teigner (2014)), occupational choice models (Esteve-Volart (2009), Hsieh et al (2013)), overlapping generations (OLG) model (Galor and Weil (1996), Cavalcanti and Taveres (2008), Agenor and Canuto (2013), Agenor (2015)), and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models (Fontana and Wood (2000), Fontana (2004), Hendy and Zaki (2010)). Female labour supply in these models is often modeled using the framework of the time allocation model 8 , where women's labour supply decision is based not only on the trade-off between leisure and labour, but also on home production modeled as investment in childcare.…”

Impact of agricultural trade policy in economic development

“…Finally, all three simulations show that the effects of economic shocks on women's labour and female headed poor households can differ significantly from the effects on men's labour and other households. Fontana (2004) studied the trade and woman through CGE model with SAM of 1994. The author used the model approach, which was developed by Dervis et al (1982).…”

“…The Armington elasticities are crucial in transmitting changes in commercial policies to the domestic economy. For BDCGE model this study used substitution elasticities and transformation elasticities by collecting from the work ofFontana et al 2001and Fontana andWood, 2000. The elasticities of substitution between the factors of production are also collected from the literature ofFontana (2004).…”