Modelling the effects of potato seed-tuber age on plant establishment

Knowles, N. Richard; Botar, Gabor I.

doi:10.4141/cjps91-170

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On average, plants from 4‐month‐old FAD 3 and FAD 3+7 tubers emerged sooner and were substantially larger after 24 days of growth than those from WT tubers (WT versus FAD 3 or FAD 3+7 , P ≤ 0.01). Faster emergence and plant establishment are characteristics of physiologically older seed‐tubers of this chronological age (Knowles and Botar 1991, 1992). In contrast, 4‐month‐old FAD 7 tubers, where the impact of the transformation on 18:2 and 18:3 levels was significantly less than that characterized for the other transgenic clones (Table 1), produced plants that were similar in morphology to that from WT tubers (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tubers reach an ‘ideal’ age during storage where vigour is at a maximum, before which vigour increases as tubers emerge from dormancy and after which vigour gradually declines. Since tuber age influences the speed and degree of stand establishment and ultimately crop yield (Knowles and Botar 1991, 1992), elucidation of the physiological and biochemical changes associated with ageing and how they relate to changes in plant growth potential has considerable agricultural and biological significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative metabolism and the physiological age of seed potatoes are affected by increased α‐linolenate content

Zabrouskov

Kumar

Spychalla

et al. 2002

Physiologia Plantarum

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The effects of high alpha-linolenate content on lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and loss of plant growth potential during ageing of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seed-tubers was examined. Endoplasmic reticulum (FAD3) and plastidal (FAD7) 18:2 fatty acid desaturases were upregulated in potato (cv. Desiree), resulting in a 2-fold average increase in mol percentage 18:3 in the total lipid fraction across all transgenic clones. In double-transformed (FAD3+7) tubers, high alpha-linolenate phenotype effected accelerated ageing, resulting in growth responses characteristic of older seed-tubers. Although respiration rates of wild-type (WT) and FAD3+7 tubers were equal at 7 months of storage, rates had increased by 23% and 50% in WT and FAD3+7 tubers, respectively, by 19 months of storage. Electrolyte leakage of tissue from 19-month-old FAD3+7 tubers was significantly greater than that from WT tubers of the same age, indicating that the high alpha-linolenate phenotype was detrimental to membrane integrity during long-term storage. On average, indices of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, ethane, C-6 aldehydes) were higher in older FAD3+7 tubers, relative to WT tubers. Activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and monodehydroascorbate reductase increased in tubers with advancing age and were higher, on average, in FAD3+7 tubers. Dehydroascorbate reductase activity decreased with age, with no difference between transgenic and WT lines. Collectively, these results indicate that FAD3+7 tubers underwent a higher degree of oxidative stress during ageing. The age-induced increase in respiration of FAD3+7 tubers was at least partly a response to fuel increased free radical scavenging through the ascorbate-glutathione antioxidant pathway. By affecting the susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation, the degree of fatty acid unsaturation influenced the development of oxidative stress and the overall rate at which growth potential was lost from seed-tubers during ageing. Thus, oxidative stress plays an integral role in modulating the ageing process to affect growth potential from potato seed-tubers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative metabolism and the physiological age of seed potatoes are affected by increased α‐linolenate content

Zabrouskov

Kumar

Spychalla

et al. 2002

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Variations in dormancy of potato cultivars contribute to the aging response to plant emergence, and ultimately to yield. Knowles and Botar (1991, 1992) also reported that day‐degrees accumulate in dormant tubers, resulting in earlier emergence and yield.…”

Section: Total Yield Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Although there is a growing literature on the physiological age of seed‐tubers, the application for potato management is currently imprecise. In general, advancing seed‐potato age affects crop yield, but the actual effect depends not only on the cultivar (Van der Zaag and Van Loon 1987), but also on the field conditions (Knowles and Botar 1991, Caldiz et al. 1998), cropping systems (Karalus and Rauber 1997), and managerial skills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Seed‐Tuber Physiological Age and Cultivar on Early Potato Production

Asiedu¹,

Astatkie²,

Yiridoe³

2003

J Agronomy Crop Science

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Enhancing physiological aging of seed‐potatoes has the potential to substantially affect production, especially for short‐season growing areas. This study analysed the effect of seed‐tuber age and cultivar, jointly, to identify the combination for optimum early crop production, based on field experiments conducted at two locations in Nova Scotia, Canada. The potato cultivars Superior, AC‐Novachip, Niska, and Yukon Gold were aged by exposing seeds stored at 4 °C to warming periods of 0, 242 (3 weeks), and 484 (6 weeks) day‐degrees, prior to planting. Cultivar and age levels were completely randomized within each location and replicated four times. Harvest periods at 65, 80 and 95 days after planting (DAP) were analysed as an unbalanced split‐plot factorial, with year as a random blocking factor, location as a whole plot treatment, and cultivar and age crossed as subplot treatments. Total yield and marketable yield from Yukon Gold improved with physiological age when harvested early at 65 and 80 DAP, while that from AC‐Novachip improved when aged only 3 weeks. Niska was not affected by age. Overall, AC‐Novachip was consistently better than the remaining cultivars, regardless of age. The best treatment combination that maximized marketable yield was Yukon Gold aged 6 weeks planted at a commercial farm and harvested 95 DAP. For early harvest (65 DAP), however, AC‐Novachip aged 3 weeks and Yukon Gold aged 6 weeks generated the highest yields. Niska and Superior generated lower yield and higher culls.

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“…Studies show that physiologically older seed potatoes emerge more quickly than the younger ones (O'Brien et al, 1983;Bodlaender & Marinus, 1987;Van der Zaag & Van Loon, 1987;Knowles & Botar, 1991;Jenkins, Gillison, & Alsaidi, 1993;Essah & Honeycutt, 2004;Eremeev et al, 2008). Particularly in short growing season production areas, the quick emergence of seed potatoes accelerates early development of potato growth.…”

Section: Effect Of Production Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Production History and Gibberellic Acid on Seed Potatoes

Virtanen¹,

Häggman²,

Degefu³

et al. 2013

JAS

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In the present study effects of production history on tuber sprout, root, stem development and crop yield of seed potato cultivars Fambo and Van Gogh were investigated in the High Grade Area of Finland (64.9 N, 25.4 E). The haulms of seed potatoes were destroyed at the time of flowering (50 days after planting, DAP), three weeks after flowering (75 DAP) and as a control the haulm was left to natural death until harvest (95 DAP). The temperature sum accumulation of the seed potatoes was recorded for the growing season and storage period. In addition, the use of plant hormone gibberellic acid (GA) in sprout control was also investigated.The results indicated that cultivar properties had a greater effect on the sprouting and crop yield of seed potatoes than production-phased haulm killing or temperature sum accumulation. Haulm killing carried out at three weeks after flowering (75 DAP) accelerated the emergence of both cultivars significantly compared to killing at 50 DAP or 95 DAP. Gibberellic acid (GA) treatments significantly increased the number of sprouts and at lower concentration (100 mM) GA increased the number of tubers in the cultivar Fambo. Thus, the timing of haulm killing and in the case of Fambo, GA treatment influenced the characteristics of seed potatoes produced in the present study, revealing methods to improve seed potato production in the northern latitudes.

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Modelling the effects of potato seed-tuber age on plant establishment

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Oxidative metabolism and the physiological age of seed potatoes are affected by increased α‐linolenate content

Oxidative metabolism and the physiological age of seed potatoes are affected by increased α‐linolenate content

The Effect of Seed‐Tuber Physiological Age and Cultivar on Early Potato Production

Effects of Production History and Gibberellic Acid on Seed Potatoes

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