Modelling the effect of geo-matrix conduction on the bulk and pore water resistivity in hydrogeological sedimentary beddings

George, N. J.; Ekanem, A. M.; Thomas, Jewel E.; Harry, Thomas A.

doi:10.1007/s40808-021-01161-0

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The estimation in this investigation was conducted using Equation ( 4) and yielded a range of values from 4.9 × 10-6 to 3.2 × 10-5 m/s. The hydraulic conductivity range mentioned aligns with the values reported by Shamsuddin et al (2018), George et al (2021), andGeorge (2021) for aquifers composed of fine to gravelly sand. The parameter has a weight of 3 and its values were assigned ratings ranging from 1 to 6, as indicated in Table 1.…”

Section: Recharge Value = Sf + Rf + Spf (3)supporting

confidence: 88%

“…The dominant wind pattern in the region during the dry season is the Harmattan winds originating from the north, while the monsoon winds from the Atlantic Ocean prevail during the rainy season (Vrbka et al, 1999). The research area experiences a variation in annual temperatures, ranging from 20 °C during the wet or rainy season to around 35 °C during the dry season George et al, 2017George et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IGIS signal enhancement resistivity meter SSP-MP-ATS, together with its attachments, was utilized to conduct a one-dimensional (1D) electrical resistivity sounding in several locations within the raffia city of Ikot Ekpene and its surrounding areas, as depicted in Figure 1. The electrode configuration developed by Schlumberger was used in the field survey, as described in the studies by Bello et al (2010), Udoh et al (2015), George et al (2014George et al ( , 2017George et al ( , 2018George et al ( , 2021, Thomas et al (2020), Ekanem et al (2021), and others. This configuration consists of two current electrodes, A and B, which are utilized to introduce a precisely defined electric current into the subsurface.…”

Section: Ves Data Acquisition Analysis and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilizing Geological and Geoelectrical methods in a GIS-based DRASTIC model of the Probable Groundwater Vulnerability in the Southern Nigerian Raffia Metropolis of Ikot Ekpene and its Surroundings

Ikpe,

Inyang,

Sampson

2024

VEETHIKA

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The city of Ikot Ekpene is facing a significant issue with groundwater contamination. This is due to the rising amount of home and industrial waste caused by the increasing human population and various business operations in the area. This study seeks to evaluate the susceptibility of groundwater in the metropolis of Ikot Ekpene and its surrounding areas in southern Nigeria. It will utilize integrated geoelectrical and geological approaches within the GIS-based DRASTIC model. A total of twenty vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted in the region using the Schlumberger array. Based on the geological drilling data, the interpretation of the VES data suggests that the area consists of 3-4 geoelectric layers. The lithological succession in the area exhibits a range of sediment types, including fine and coarse sand as well as gravelly sands. Additionally, there are localized occurrences of clay intercalations. The third geoelectric layer, located at a depth of 9.0–86.6 m, is the primary aquifer that can be utilized in the region. The DRASTIC model included seven environmental parameters, including depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer medium, topography, impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity, with the purpose of conducting a vulnerability assessment. The assessment of groundwater vulnerability ratings (GVR) reveals that 75% of the research region is classified as high vulnerability, 20% as moderate vulnerability, and the remaining 5% as low vulnerability. The studied area is predominantly characterized by moderate to high Groundwater Vulnerability Rating (GVR), which is likely attributed to the generally gentle topography and the presence of highly permeable geomaterials in the upper levels of the water table.

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Section: Recharge Value = Sf + Rf + Spf (3)supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ves Data Acquisition Analysis and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilizing Geological and Geoelectrical methods in a GIS-based DRASTIC model of the Probable Groundwater Vulnerability in the Southern Nigerian Raffia Metropolis of Ikot Ekpene and its Surroundings

Ikpe,

Inyang,

Sampson

2024

VEETHIKA

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“…Manual smoothening was adopted to eradicate spurious signals that would have resulted in high root mean square errors (RMSE) in the computer phase of the data interpretation (Evans et al, 2015;George et al, 2020;Ekanem et al, 2022a, b). This was performed by calculating the mean of the two values of ρ a at point of cross-over point and discarding any outliers anywhere it was indispensable in such a manner as to maintain the prevailing resistivity variation pattern in the data (Ekanem, 2021;George et al, 2020George et al, , 2022a).…”

Section: Geo-sounding Measurements and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Groundwater Potentiality and Quality in Ikot Ekpene-Obot Akara Local Government Areas, Southern Nigeria

Ekanem,

Udosen

2023

Preprint

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Adequate supply of potable water in Ikot Ekpene-Obot Akara Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria has been of a serious concern in recent times. Consequently, this study’s major goal is to evaluate groundwater potentiality and quality in the LGAs via the use of the electrical resistivity technique and geochemical analysis of borehole water samples to map out the zones for the optimum location of boreholes in the area. The results of the Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) performed at 28 locations in the area show that the lithological succession comprises sands and gravels with minor clay interbeddings at a number of locations. The main aquifer units in the area are found at depths of between 2.1 and 30.2 m, with resistivity values ranging from 40.6 to 2648.1 Ohms-metres. The generated groundwater potentiality map indicates that 89 % of the investigated area has high groundwater potential while 7 % and 4 % have low and moderate potentials respectively. The contamination level in the groundwater is shown to be very low or insignificant. Policymakers in the LGAs can use these insights to effectively manage and utilize groundwater to meet the needs of the masses.

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“…The dynamic process of estimating hydraulic resistance can begin by combination of geo-electric data, measured water resistivity and specific formation constants to estimate the formation-pore hydrodynamic properties, which include effective porosity ( ) and permeability (k f ) that are essential parameters in estimating hydraulic conductivity, K (Al- Ismaily et al 2012;George et al 2021). From Archie (1942), bulk resistivity , water resistivity w , geometric factor/electrical tortuosity factor a, and cementation factor m are related by Eq.…”

Section: Theoretical Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating hydrogeological and second-order geo-electric indices in groundwater vulnerability mapping: A case study of alluvial environments

George

2021

Appl Water Sci

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AVI (Aquifer vulnerability index), GOD (groundwater occurrence, overlying lithology and depth to the aquifer), GLSI (geo-electric layer susceptibility indexing) and S (longitudinal unit conductance) models were used to assess economically exploitable groundwater resource in the coastal environment of Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria. The models were employed in order to delineate groundwater into its category of vulnerability to contamination sources using the first- and second-order geo-electric indices as well as hydrogeological inputs. Vertical electrical sounding technique employing Schlumberger electrode configuration was carried out in 16 locations, close to logged boreholes with known aquifer core samples. Primary or first-order geo-electric indices (resistivity, thickness and depth) measured were used to determine S. The estimated aquifer hydraulic conductivity, K, calculated from grain size diameter and water resistivity values were used to calculate hydraulic resistance (C) used to estimate AVI. With the indices assigned to geo-electric parameters on the basis of their influences, GOD and FSLI were calculated using appropriate equations. The geologic sequence in the study area consists of geo-electric layers ranging from motley topsoil, argillites (clayey to fine sands) and arenites (medium to gravelly sands). Geo-electric parametric indices of aquifer overlying layers across the survey area were utilized to weigh the vulnerability of the underlying water-bearing resource to the contaminations from surface and near-surface, using vulnerability maps created. Geo-electrically derived model maps reflecting AVI, BOD, FLSI and S were compared to assess their conformity to the degree of predictability of groundwater vulnerability. The AVI model map shows range of values of log C ( −3.46—0.07) generally less than unity and hence indicating high vulnerability. GOD model tomographic map displays a range of 0.1–0.3, indicating that the aquifer with depth range of 20.5 to 113.1 m or mean depth of 72. 3 m is lowly susceptible to surface and near-surface impurities. Again, the FLSI map displays a range of FLSI index of 1.25 to 2.75, alluding that the aquifer underlying the protective layer has a low to moderate vulnerability. The S model has values ranging from 0.013 to 0.991S. As the map indicates, a fractional portion of the aquifer at the western (Ikot Abasi) part of the study area has moderate to good protection (moderate vulnerability) while weak to poor aquifer protection (high vulnerability) has poor protection. The S model in this analysis seems to overstate the degree of susceptibility to contamination than the AVI, GOD and GLSI models. From the models, the categorization of severity of aquifer vulnerability to contaminations is relatively location-dependent and can be assessed through the model tomographic maps generated.

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Modelling the effect of geo-matrix conduction on the bulk and pore water resistivity in hydrogeological sedimentary beddings

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Utilizing Geological and Geoelectrical methods in a GIS-based DRASTIC model of the Probable Groundwater Vulnerability in the Southern Nigerian Raffia Metropolis of Ikot Ekpene and its Surroundings

Utilizing Geological and Geoelectrical methods in a GIS-based DRASTIC model of the Probable Groundwater Vulnerability in the Southern Nigerian Raffia Metropolis of Ikot Ekpene and its Surroundings

Evaluation of Groundwater Potentiality and Quality in Ikot Ekpene-Obot Akara Local Government Areas, Southern Nigeria

Integrating hydrogeological and second-order geo-electric indices in groundwater vulnerability mapping: A case study of alluvial environments

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