Modelling the dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles to a spruce forest

Peters, Klaus; Eiden, Reiner

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(92)90108-w

Cited by 145 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Measurements at the Weidenbrunnen site by Held et al (2002) revealed consistent patterns in the size distributions of particulate NH + 4 and NO − 3 , with the former one dominating the fine particle concentrations (mean particle diameter of 0.25 and 0.71 µm), and the latter dominating the coarse particles ranges (mean particle diameter of 0.71 and 2 µm). For particles with mean diameters of 0.25, 0.71 and 2 µm, v d at the encountered wind speeds would theoretically range between 0.01-0.6, 0.01-1.08, and 0.06-3.5 cm s −1 , respectively (Peters and Eiden, 1992). According to Gallagher et al (1997) 4 and those derived from particle number flux measurements have been reported (Nemitz et al, 2004b;Thomas, 2007).…”

Section: Fluxes and Deposition Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.2) we presume that they also dominate the deposition fluxes, at least in tot-NO − 3 . Aerosol particle fluxes and v d 's depend on particle diameter, atmospheric conditions (friction velocity and stability) and surface conditions, such as roughness and canopy morphology (Erisman et al, 1997;Gallagher et al, 1997;Peters and Eiden, 1992;Fowler et al, 2009). Reported v d 's range from some mm s −1 (small particles (<1 µm); low wind speed) to more than 10 cm s −1 (larger particles (>10 µm); high wind speed).…”

Section: Fluxes and Deposition Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the 50% theoretical particle cut-off diameters of the GRAEGOR due to inlet design and denuder airflow regime is 0.2 nm and 18 µm (Thomas et al, 2009). According to Peters and Eiden (1992) v d of aerosol particles captured by the GRAEGOR at typical wind speeds at our site (2-4 m s −1 ) may have varied between 0.08 and more than 10 cm s −1 . Measurements at the Weidenbrunnen site by Held et al (2002) revealed consistent patterns in the size distributions of particulate NH + 4 and NO − 3 , with the former one dominating the fine particle concentrations (mean particle diameter of 0.25 and 0.71 µm), and the latter dominating the coarse particles ranges (mean particle diameter of 0.71 and 2 µm).…”

Section: Fluxes and Deposition Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Total ammonium (tot-NH3 ) measured at two levels. Gaseous species and related particulate compounds were measured selectively, simultaneously and continuously above a spruce forest canopy in south-eastern Germany in summer 2007. Measurements were performed using a wetchemical two-point gradient instrument, the GRAEGOR. Median concentrations of NH 3 , HNO 3 , NH + 4 , and NO − 3 were 0.57, 0.12, 0.76, and 0.48 µg m −3 , respectively. Total ammonium and total nitrate fluxes showed large variations depending on meteorological conditions, with concentrations close to zero under humid and cool conditions and higher concentrations under dry conditions. Mean fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate in September 2007 were directed towards the forest canopy and were −65.77 ng m −2 s −1 and −41.02 ng m −2 s −1 (in terms of nitrogen), respectively. Their deposition was controlled by aerodynamic resistances only, with very little influence of surface resistances. Including measurements of wet deposition and findings of former studies on occult deposition (fog water interception) at the study site, the total N deposition in September 2007 was estimated to 5.86 kg ha −1 .

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Section: Fluxes and Deposition Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluxes and Deposition Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fluxes and Deposition Velocitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

et al. 2010

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“…doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.003 reported to have much shorter residence time in the atmosphere, typically ranging from several days to a few weeks (Lindqvist and Rodhe, 1985;Slemr et al, 1985), thus it is likely to be deposited at intermediate distances from the source. Deposition rate of particulate mercury depend on the particle diameter, especially for dry deposition of particulate mercury (Lestari et al, 2003;Peters and Eiden, 1992;Davidson et al, 1985). Although the importance of fractionation measurements of airborne mercury is well recognized, only a very limited number of investigations have been conducted in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury concentrations in size-fractionated airborne particles at urban and suburban sites in Beijing, China

Wang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2006

Atmospheric Environment

102

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Mercury concentrations in size fractions of airborne particulate matter obtained from urban and suburban sites in Beijing in 2003 and 2004 are presented in this paper. The average concentrations of total particulate mercury were 1.1870.82 ng m À3 with a range of 0.18-3.51 ng m À3 at the urban site and 0.6870.62 ng m À3 with a range of 0.13-2.40 ng m À3 at the suburban site. This is much higher than what is found in Europe and Northern America. The results implie that significant anthropogenic sources in Beijing contribute to the concentration of particulate mercury in air and therefore, to the mercury deposition in this region. There are clear seasonal variations in concentration of particulate mercury with highest concentrations in winter at urban and suburban sites. This illustrates the important contribution from coal burning to particulate mercury during the heating season. The mercury concentration in each size fraction of airborne particulates was closely related to its size range. The highest mercury concentration was found in the size fraction less than 1.1 mm with average concentrations of 0.5970.50 and 0.2970.26 ng m À3 at the urban and suburban sites, respectively. The mercury in this size fraction accounts for 45.779.5% and 41.978.2% of the total particulate mercury, respectively. This implies that a large fraction of the particulate mercury in this area can be transported long range before it becomes deposited. Based on the concentrations of size-fractionated particulate mercury in ambient air, the dry deposition fluxes of mercury were estimated to 407 mg m À2 a À1 at the urban site and 270 mg m À2 a À1 at the suburban site. More than 90% of the deposition flux came from particles larger than 1.1 mm despite a substantial fraction of the Hg found in particles less than 1.1 mm.

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“…Dry deposition of trace gases is calculated using dry deposition velocity, which is parameterized by an aerodynamic sub-layer and surface resistance. Dry deposition of aerosols is calculated using gravitational sedimentation velocity (Wesely, 1989), resistance due to interception (Ruijgrok et al, 1995;Zhang et al, 2001), impaction (Peters and Eiden, 1992), and Brownian motion (Binkowski and Shankar, 1995). Wet deposition of both aerosols and trace gases in-cloud and below-cloud are also treated in the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent response of Indian summer monsoon to Middle East dust in observations and simulations

Jin

Wei

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The response of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) circulation and precipitation to Middle East dust aerosols on sub-seasonal timescales is studied using observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with online chemistry (WRF-Chem). Satellite data show that the ISM rainfall in coastal southwest India, central and northern India, and Pakistan is closely associated with the Middle East dust aerosols. The physical mechanism behind this dust-ISM rainfall connection is examined through ensemble simulations with and without dust emissions. Each ensemble includes 16 members with various physical and chemical schemes to consider the model uncertainties in parameterizing short-wave radiation, the planetary boundary layer, and aerosol chemical mixing rules. Experiments show that dust aerosols increase rainfall by about 0.44 mm day −1 (∼ 10 % of the climatology) in coastal southwest India, central and northern India, and north Pakistan, a pattern consistent with the observed relationship. The ensemble mean rainfall response over India shows a much stronger spatial correlation with the observed rainfall response than any other ensemble members. The largest modeling uncertainties are from the boundary layer schemes, followed by short-wave radiation schemes. In WRF-Chem, the dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Middle East shows the strongest correlation with the ISM rainfall response when dust AOD leads rainfall response by about 11 days. Further analyses show that increased ISM rainfall is related to enhanced southwesterly monsoon flow and moisture transport from the Arabian Sea to the Indian subcontinent, which are associated with the development of an anomalous low-pressure system over the Arabian Sea, the southern Arabian Peninsula, and the Iranian Plateau due to dust-induced heating in the troposphere. The dust-induced heating in the mid-upper troposphere is mainly located in the Iranian Plateau rather than the Tibetan Plateau. This study demonstrates a thermodynamic mechanism that links remote desert dust emissions in the Middle East to ISM circulation and precipitation variability on subseasonal timescales, which may have implications for ISM rainfall forecasts.

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Modelling the dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles to a spruce forest

Cited by 145 publications

References 30 publications

Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

Exchange of reactive nitrogen compounds: concentrations and fluxes of total ammonium and total nitrate above a spruce canopy

Mercury concentrations in size-fractionated airborne particles at urban and suburban sites in Beijing, China

Consistent response of Indian summer monsoon to Middle East dust in observations and simulations

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