Modelling the attack success of planktonic predators: patterns and mechanisms of prey size selectivity

Caparroy, Philippe; Thygesen, Uffe Høgsbro; Visser, André W.

doi:10.1093/plankt/22.10.1871

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Accordingly, the vulnerability to attack by predators such as the carnivorous copepod Euchaeta elongata, shows an identical size dependency (Greene & Landry 1985). Previous predictions suggest that predation may account for most of the total mortality in pelagic copepods (Hirst & Kiørboe 2002) and the peaked mortalities in the present study do indeed suggest that the high mortality rates may have been inflicted mainly by predation (Greene & Landry 1985, Caparroy et al 2000. Regardless of the predictions of Greene & Landry (1985) and Hirst & Kiørboe (2002), observations with high mortalities only in nauplii have until now dominated studies of pelagic copepods (Ohman 1986, Eiane et al 2002 and peaked mortalities have only been observed on 2 ) and L is prosome length (µm) different occasions previously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Likewise, visual predators such as fish, fish larvae and amphipods detect prey by their movements and when swimming speed increases so does the susceptibility to attack by predators (Saito & Kiørboe 2001). On the other hand, the ability to escape predation increases with size (Kiørboe et al 1999) so the peaked mortality rates can be explained by shifting ratios of attack susceptibility and escape ability with copepod size, leading to a peaked prey size dependent functional response (Caparroy et al 2000). The ascending left leg of this functional response can thereby be explained by increasing attack susceptibility with size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their small size and quiescent swimming behaviour, these copepodites may not elicit attack responses and, thus, avoid predation altogether (Saito & Kiørboe 2001). On the other hand, the descending right leg of the functional response can be explained by increasing escape success by the larger individuals such as the later stage Calanus hyperboreus and C. glacialis (Caparroy et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality rates of epipelagic copepods in the post-spring bloom period in Disko Bay, western Greenland

Thor¹,

Nielsen²,

Tiselius³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Mortality rates of the copepods Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus sp. and Oithona similis were investigated during June 2001 in Disko Bay, western Greenland. These 5 species dominated the zooplankton community in the upper 75 m, contributing 89% of the total copepod biomass. Instantaneous mortality rates of copepodites of all 5 species and nauplii of Pseudocalanus sp. and O. similis were calculated using vertical life tables on abundances and published information on stage duration times. Compared with those covering a range of boreal habitats, the mortality rates were higher, with highest rates occurring in C. finmarchicus and C. glacialis copepodite stages I to III and Pseudocalanus spp. stage III (maximum = 0.18 d -1 ). Mortality rates remained lower in all stages of O. similis. When superimposing mortality rates for all species and stages on copepod size a significant peak at 1.3 mm prosome length was evident. This peak fitted a prey size dependent functional response of predation and the high mortality rates were, therefore, most probably attributable to size-specific predation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mortality rates of epipelagic copepods in the post-spring bloom period in Disko Bay, western Greenland

Thor¹,

Nielsen²,

Tiselius³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Viitasalo et al (1998) and MacKenzie and Kiørboe (2000) attributed the capture success of fish larva to the ability of the predator to get within a strike distance close enough to the prey without triggering an escape response. This empirical observation was tested and confirmed by a mechanistic modelling approach (Caparroy et al, 2000). Our study showed that a decrease in predator strike distance resulted in an increase of capture success for a planktonic predator.…”

Section: > Factors Governing the Capture Successsupporting

confidence: 62%

Feeding mechanism and capture success of european whitefish (Coregonus lavaretusL.) larvae

Mahjoub

Anneville²,

Molinero

et al. 2008

Knowl. Managt. Aquatic Ecosyst.

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Feeding success is a key factor for larval growth and survival, and is highly dependent on small-scale processes which occur during the predatorprey interaction. We studied the feeding mechanisms involved in the capture success of the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) larvae using video recordings. The successful predatory sequence of this species consists of the following 5 events: encounter, pursuit (including fixation), strike, capture and ingestion. C. lavaretus larvae can exhibit an "S" shaped posture and always strikes on its prey from beyond. The mean fixation distance for wild larvae was 1.75 ± 0.71 mm and for reared larvae was 1.65 ± 0.76 mm. This distance was significantly different between failed and successful snaps, and seemed to be an important parameter to the capture success of C. lavaretus larvae. The analysis of the complexity in predator's swimming path showed that more convoluted approaches are less likely to lead to a fruitful attack. RÉSUMÉ Mécanisme alimentaire et succès de capture des larves du corégone lavaret (Coregonus lavaretus L.)Le succès alimentaire est un élément clé de la croissance et de la survie larvaire ; ce paramètre est fortement influencé par les processus se produisant à microéchelle entre le prédateur et sa proie. Nous étudions ici les mécanismes alimentaires impliqués dans le succès de capture des larves du corégone (Coregonus lavaretus) à l'aide des enregistrements vidéos. Une séquence de prédation réussie consiste en la succession des 5 événements suivants : rencontre, poursuite (incluant la fixation), attaque, capture et ingestion. Lors de la fixation de la proie, la larve de corégone peut prendre une posture en forme de « S ». Ce prédateur attaque toujours ses proies par le bas. La distance moyenne de fixation est de 1.75 ± 0.71 mm pour les larves sauvages et elle est de 1.65 ± 0.76 mm pour les larves produites en pisciculture. Cette distance a été significativement différente entre les

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“…For , and assumptions for calculations example, the vorticity in a feeding current rotates the prey such that it -despite escape attempts -may remain in the center of the feeding current and eventually get captured (Fields & Yen 1997b, Caparroy et al 2000. Also, habituation to the fluid signals may exist.…”

Section: Predation Rates and Behavioral Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator avoidance by nauplii

Titelman¹,

Kiørboe²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We examined anti-predation strategies in relation to motility patterns for early and late nauplii of 6 species of copepods (Calanus helgolandicus, Centropages typicus, Eurytemora affinis, Euterpina acutifrons, Acartia tonsa and Temora longicornis). Remote detection and escape abilities were quantified in siphon flows. Nauplii respond with distinct escape jumps at species-and stagespecific average fluid deformation rates between 0.5 and 4.2 s -1, and escape with average velocities corresponding to ~60 to 130 body lengths s -1 . Most of the species and stages orient their escape jumps upwards and also away from the flow, and are thus able to assess direction of flow. Sensitivity to hydrodynamic signals is tightly linked to the general motility pattern. Hydrodynamically conspicuous nauplii that move in a jump-sink pattern are more effective at remotely detecting predators than are continuous swimmers of similar size. We assessed the effects of different motility strategies in terms of detectability and volume encounter with copepod predators by means of simple hydrodynamic models. While jump-sink type nauplii may be at an advantage over swimmers in interactions with sinking and attacking ambush predators, models suggest no immediate relative benefit in terms of escaping flows of filtering copepods. We discuss these predictions in relation to copepod feeding rates.KEY WORDS: Copepod · Nauplii · Escape jump · Predator avoidance · Behavior · Motility · Hydrodynamic signals · Remote detection · Predator-prey interaction · Volume encounter rates · Encounter rates Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Modelling the attack success of planktonic predators: patterns and mechanisms of prey size selectivity

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Mortality rates of epipelagic copepods in the post-spring bloom period in Disko Bay, western Greenland

Mortality rates of epipelagic copepods in the post-spring bloom period in Disko Bay, western Greenland

Feeding mechanism and capture success of european whitefish (Coregonus lavaretusL.) larvae

Predator avoidance by nauplii

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