Modelling supermassive primordial stars with <scp>mesa</scp>

Herrington, Nicholas P; Whalen, Daniel J.; Woods, Tyrone E.

doi:10.1093/mnras/stad572

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The final stages of the formation of the DCBH have been explored in simulations up to the stage where supermassive stars (SMSs) are produced. Rapid baryon collapse at the center of atomically cooled halos has been demonstrated to produce SMSs (Hosokawa et al 2013;Woods et al 2017;Haemmerlé et al 2018;Herrington et al 2023) that are then predicted to collapse either by the post-Newtonian general relativity instability or from the depletion of core fuel at the end of post-main-sequence burning to form DCBHs. These simulations are yet to track the subsequent formation and growth of the BH seed and the stellar component in the host galaxy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Detection of an Overmassive Black Hole Galaxy UHZ1: Evidence for Heavy Black Hole Seed Formation from Direct Collapse

Natarajan,

Pacucci,

Ricarte

et al. 2023

ApJL

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The recent Chandra-JWST discovery of a quasar in the z ≈ 10.1 galaxy UHZ1 reveals that accreting supermassive black holes were already in place 470 million years after the Big Bang. The Chandra X-ray source detected in UHZ1 is a Compton-thick quasar with a bolometric luminosity of L bol ∼ 5 × 1045 erg s−1, which corresponds to an estimated black hole (BH) mass of ∼4 × 107 M ⊙, assuming accretion at the Eddington rate. JWST NIRCAM and NIRSpec data yield a stellar mass estimate for UHZ1 comparable to its BH mass. These characteristics are in excellent agreement with prior theoretical predictions for a unique class of transient, high-redshift objects, overmassive black hole galaxies (OBGs) by Natarajan et al., that harbor a heavy initial black hole seed that likely formed from the direct collapse of the gas. Given the excellent agreement between the observed multiwavelength properties of UHZ1 and theoretical model template predictions, we suggest that UHZ1 is the first detected OBG candidate. Our assertion rests on multiple lines of concordant evidence between model predictions and the following observed properties of UHZ1: its X-ray detection and the estimated ratio of the X-ray flux to the IR flux, which is consistent with theoretical expectations for a heavy initial BH seed; its high measured redshift of z ≈ 10.1, as predicted for the transient OBG stage (9 < z < 12); the amplitude and shape of the detected JWST spectral energy distribution (SED) between 1 and 5 μm, which is in very good agreement with simulated template SEDs for OBGs; and the extended JWST morphology of UHZ1, which is suggestive of a recent merge and is also expected for the formation of transient OBGs. As the first OBG candidate, UHZ1 provides compelling evidence for the formation of heavy initial seeds from direct collapse in the early Universe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Detection of an Overmassive Black Hole Galaxy UHZ1: Evidence for Heavy Black Hole Seed Formation from Direct Collapse

Natarajan,

Pacucci,

Ricarte

et al. 2023

ApJL

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“…Maiolino et al (2023) found 12 new AGN identified by the presence of broad emission lines at z > 4 in the JWST JADES survey. The BHs are a few times 10 5 -10 7 M e , less massive than quasars at the same redshifts but, interestingly, similar in mass at the low end to those expected for direct collapse black holes at birth (Hosokawa et al 2013;Woods et al 2017;Latif et al 2022b;Herrington et al 2023;Patrick et al 2023). They are overmassive relative to their host galaxies when compared to the local M BH -M star relation and their bolometric luminosities range from 10 44 to 10 45 erg s −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Radio Emission from High-redshift Active Galactic Nuclei in the JADES and CEERS Surveys

Latif,

Aftab,

Whalen

2024

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Recent calculations indicate that radio emission from quasars at z ∼ 6–7 could be detected at much earlier stages of evolution, at z ∼ 14–15, by the Next-Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) and the Square Kilometer Array (SKA). However, the James Webb Space Telescope has now discovered less luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at z > 4 and a few massive black holes (BHs) at z > 10, which may be the progenitors of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) but at different stages of growth. Radio detections of these new AGNs would provide complementary measures of their properties and those of their host galaxies. Here we estimate radio flux densities for 19 new AGNs found by the JADES, CEERS, and UNCOVER surveys. We find that ngVLA should be able to detect most of these sources in targeted surveys with integration times of 10–100 hr (and in just 1 hr for a few of them) but most would require at least 100 hr of SKA time in spite of its greater sensitivities at low frequencies. In some cases, radio emission from the BH can be distinguished from that of H ii regions and supernovae in their host galaxies, which could be used to estimate their star formation rates. Such detections would be yet another example of the useful synergies between near-infrared and radio telescopes in SMBH science in the coming decade.

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“…5 pc (Begelman 2010). In the 1D simulations-imposing a spherical symmetry and hydrostatic equilibrium, as well as including the contribution of the H − opacity-this radius was claimed to reach 1.8 × 10 −3 pc (e.g., Hosokawa et al 2013;Haemmerlé et al 2019;Herrington et al 2023). For these models, the effective photospheric temperature of a bloated star was found to be less than 10 4 K. Therefore, its ionizing luminosity can hardly have an effect on its environment.…”

Section: The Properties Of the Central Mass Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Direct Collapse to Precursors of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Radiation-feedback-generated Outflows

Luo,

Shlosman,

Nagamine

2023

ApJ

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We use high-resolution zoom-in cosmological simulations to model outflow triggered by radiation and thermal drivers around the central mass accumulation during direct collapse within the dark matter (DM) halo. The maximal resolution is 1.3 × 10−5 pc, and no restrictions are put on the geometry of the inflow/outflow. The central mass is considered prior to the formation of the supermassive black hole seed at a redshift of z ∼ 15.9 and can constitute either a supermassive star (SMS) of ∼105 M ⊙ surrounded by a growing accretion disk or a self-gravitating disk. The radiation transfer is modeled using the ray-tracing algorithm. Due to the high accretion rate of ∼1 M ⊙ yr−1 determined by the DM halo, accretion is mildly supercritical, resulting in mildly supercritical luminosity that has only a limited effect on the accretion rate, with a duty cycle of ∼0.9. We observe a fast development of hot cavities, which quickly extend into polar funnels and expand dense shells. Within the funnels, fast winds, ∼103 km s−1, are mass-loaded by the accreting gas. We follow the expanding shells to ∼1 pc, when the shell velocity remains substantially (∼5 times) above the escape speed. The ionization cones formed by the central UV/X-ray completely ionize the cavities. Extrapolating the outflow properties shows that the halo material outside the shell will have difficulty stopping it. We therefore conclude that the expanding wind-driven shell will break out of the central parsec and will reach the halo virial radius. Finally, the anisotropic accretion flow on subparsec scales will attenuate the UV/soft X-rays on the H2. Hence, the formation of funnels and powerful outflows around, e.g., SMSs can have interesting observational corollaries.

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Modelling supermassive primordial stars with mesa

Cited by 14 publications

References 98 publications

First Detection of an Overmassive Black Hole Galaxy UHZ1: Evidence for Heavy Black Hole Seed Formation from Direct Collapse

First Detection of an Overmassive Black Hole Galaxy UHZ1: Evidence for Heavy Black Hole Seed Formation from Direct Collapse

Radio Emission from High-redshift Active Galactic Nuclei in the JADES and CEERS Surveys

Direct Collapse to Precursors of Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Radiation-feedback-generated Outflows

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