Modelling Sea Ice and Melt Ponds Evolution: Sensitivity to Microscale Heat Transfer Mechanisms

Scagliarini, Andrea; Calzavarini, Enrico; Mansutti, Daniela; Toschi, Federico

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38669-6_6

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…An emblematic case is represented by the simulation of thermally driven turbulence or turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection, which governs turbulent flows in the atmosphere for meteorological forecasting and climatological studies (Hartmann et al 2001 [308]), in oceanography for the analysis of thermohaline circulation driving deep-ocean circulation (Marshall and Schott, 1999 [309]), and for studies on melting ponds (Scagliarini et al 2020 [310]). Due to the high complexity of these phenomena, generally the turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection is studied with the Eulerian approach, focusing on local and global turbulent heat transfer processes (Grossman and Lohse, 2000 [311]; Chavanne et al, 2001 [312]; Lohse and Xia, 2010 [313]), while Lagrangian analyses are still rare (Schumacher, 2009 [314]).…”

Section: Discussion: Advantages and Disadvantages Challenges Trends A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

Ferrari

Rossi²,

Bernardino

2022

Energies

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Turbulence is still an unsolved issue with enormous implications in several fields, from the turbulent wakes on moving objects to the accumulation of heat in the built environment or the optimization of the performances of heat exchangers or mixers. This review deals with the techniques and trends in turbulent flow simulations, which can be achieved through both laboratory and numerical modeling. As a matter of fact, even if the term “experiment” is commonly employed for laboratory techniques and the term “simulation” for numerical techniques, both the laboratory and numerical techniques try to simulate the real-world turbulent flows performing experiments under controlled conditions. The main target of this paper is to provide an overview of laboratory and numerical techniques to investigate turbulent flows, useful for the research and technical community also involved in the energy field (often non-specialist of turbulent flow investigations), highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the main techniques, as well as their main fields of application, and also to highlight the trends of the above mentioned methodologies via bibliometric analysis. In this way, the reader can select the proper technique for the specific case of interest and use the quoted bibliography as a more detailed guide. As a consequence of this target, a limitation of this review is that the deepening of the single techniques is not provided. Moreover, even though the experimental and numerical techniques presented in this review are virtually applicable to any type of turbulent flow, given their variety in the very broad field of energy research, the examples presented and discussed in this work will be limited to single-phase subsonic flows of Newtonian fluids. The main result from the bibliometric analysis shows that, as of 2021, a 3:1 ratio of numerical simulations over laboratory experiments emerges from the analysis, which clearly shows a projected dominant trend of the former technique in the field of turbulence. Nonetheless, the main result from the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of both the techniques confirms that each of them has peculiar strengths and weaknesses and that both approaches are still indispensable, with different but complementary purposes.

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Section: Discussion: Advantages and Disadvantages Challenges Trends A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

Ferrari

Rossi²,

Bernardino

2022

Energies

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“…The evolution of sea ice has important impacts on many environmental and geological processes as well as human activities. Examples include ocean circulation (Clark, Alley & Pollard 1999;Joughin, Alley & Holland 2012;Hanna et al 2013;Straneo & Heimbach 2013;Stevens et al 2020), global sea-level rise (Wadhams & Munk 2004), land-surface albedo (Curry, Schramm & Ebert 1995;Perovich et al 2002;Scagliarini et al 2020), biodiversity (Post et al 2013), microplastic dispersion and sequestration (Peeken et al 2018;Obbard et al 2014), and winter navigation at high latitudes and polar areas (de Andrés, Saarinen & Uuskallio 2018; Ho 2010). Generally, sea ice evolution is associated with the complex fluid dynamic processes occurring in the oceans that involve wide ranges of spatial and temporal scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea water freezing modes in a natural convection system

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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Sea ice is crucial in many natural processes and human activities. Understanding the dynamical couplings between the inception, growth and equilibrium of sea ice and the rich fluid mechanical processes occurring at its interface and interior is of relevance in many domains, ranging from geophysics to marine engineering. Here we investigate experimentally the complete freezing process of water with dissolved salt in a standard natural convection system, i.e. the prototypical Rayleigh–Bénard cell. Due to the presence of a mushy phase, the studied system is considerably more complex than the freezing of fresh water in the same conditions (Wang et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 118, issue 10, 2021, e2012870118). We measure the ice thickness and porosity at the dynamical equilibrium state for different initial salinities of the solution and temperature gaps across the cell. These observables are non-trivially related to the controlling parameters of the system as they depend on the heat transport mode across the cell. We identify in the experiments five out of the six possible modes of heat transport. We highlight the occurrence of brine convection through the mushy ice and of penetrative convection in stably stratified liquid underlying the ice. A one-dimensional multi-layer heat flux model built on the known scaling relations of global heat transport in natural convection systems in liquids and porous media is proposed. Given the measured porosity of the ice, it allows us to predict the corresponding ice thickness, in a unified framework.

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“…A large variety of situations of thermal or mechanical driving mechanisms are encountered. The fluid motion can be the result of natural convection due to a cooling process, as in the case of volcanic magma, or it can be steadily driven by localized heat sources, such as a hot/cold boundary, or by distributed ones, as in the case of internal heating by radioactive decay (common in rock formation) or by absorption of solar radiation as it happens for water in glaciers or in the oceans [10,11]. Finally, the thermal convection can also be maintained by a mechanical driving of the fluid, as it happens below the sea ice and around icebergs [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Equilibrium states of the ice-water front in a differentially heated rectangular cell^(a)

Wang

Calzavarini

Sun

2021

EPL

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We study the conductive and convective states of phase change of pure water in a rectangular container where two opposite walls are kept respectively at temperatures below and above the freezing point and all the other boundaries are thermally insulating. The global ice content at the equilibrium and the corresponding shape of the ice-water interface are examined, extending the available experimental measurements and numerical simulations. We first address the effect of the initial condition, either fully liquid or fully frozen, on the system evolution. Secondly, we explore the influence of the aspect ratio of the cell, both in the configurations where the background thermal gradient is parallel to the gravity, namely the Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) setting, and when they are perpendicular, i.e., vertical convection (VC). We find that for a set of well-identified conditions the system in the RB configuration displays multiple equilibrium states, either conductive rather than convective, or convective but with different ice front patterns. The shape of the ice front appears to be always determined by the large scale circulation in the system. In RB, the precise shape depends on the degree of lateral confinement. In the VC case the ice front morphology is more robust, due to the presence of two vertically stacked counter-rotating convective rolls for all the studied cell aspect ratios.

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Modelling Sea Ice and Melt Ponds Evolution: Sensitivity to Microscale Heat Transfer Mechanisms

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

Sea water freezing modes in a natural convection system

Equilibrium states of the ice-water front in a differentially heated rectangular cell^(a)

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Modelling Sea Ice and Melt Ponds Evolution: Sensitivity to Microscale Heat Transfer Mechanisms

Cited by 3 publications

References 71 publications

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

A Review of Laboratory and Numerical Techniques to Simulate Turbulent Flows

Sea water freezing modes in a natural convection system

Equilibrium states of the ice-water front in a differentially heated rectangular cell(a)

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Product

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Equilibrium states of the ice-water front in a differentially heated rectangular cell^(a)