Modelling recent and historic soil data from the Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK using SAFE

Sverdrup, Harald; Wärfvinge, Per; Blake, L.; Goulding, Keith

doi:10.1016/0167-8809(94)00558-v

Cited by 73 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Additional input of waste materials, landscaping, and rapid change of land use also contributes towards an unpredictable modification of soil properties and poor soil structure increasing concentrations of heavy metals (Tiller 1992). Change in land use has important consequences for many biological, chemical, and physical processes in soils and indirectly to the environment Sverdrup et al 1995). Due to land use changes, soil pollution has become important environmental issue in developing countries (Adriano 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of metals in top soils of Islamabad City, Pakistan

Ali

Malik

2010

Environ Monit Assess

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Present study was conducted in rapidly growing city Islamabad, and surface soils were collected from three major land cover types viz., built-up, drain side, and green areas. A total of seven physicochemical parameters and 11 metals were determined in surface soils. Factor analysis based on principal component analysis explained total variance of 68.0%, 64.5%, and 60.2% of three land cover types and showed high loadings for major elements (Mg and K) in built-up and green area and Fe in drain side. Top soil pollution index was carried out by using geo-accumulation index and metal pollution index (MPI₆). Concentration of major elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K) in surface soils is derived by parent material, whereas concentration of Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn were mainly related with anthropogenic sources. Geostatistical methods such as kirging identified hotspot areas of metal contamination by Pb, Ni, and Zn in built-up areas influenced mainly by vehicular emissions and waste disposal. The results stresses that land clearing should be avoided to reduce contamination and management of urban soils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of metals in top soils of Islamabad City, Pakistan

Ali

Malik

2010

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Soil pH has decreased from 7 to 4 or less in 110 yr, mobilizing aluminium and toxic metals (Johnston, Goulding & Poulton, 1986 ;Blake et al, 1994 ;Sverdrup et al, 1995). Recent research on trace gas fluxes and N-cycling processes has shown clear evidence of major effects of deposited N, aside from those of acidification, on microbiologically-mediated soil processes : deposited N is saturating woodland ecosystems, greatly increasing nitrous oxide emissions, reducing methane oxidation rates, and altering the balance of nitrification and mineralization\immobilization, as described below.…”

Section:       mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition and its contribution to nitrogen cycling and associated soil processes

et al. 1998

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Human activity has greatly perturbed the nitrogen cycle through increased fixation by legumes, by energy and fertilizer production, and by the mobilization of N from long-term storage pools. This extra reactive N is readily transported through the environment, and there is increasing evidence that it is changing ecosystems through eutrophication and acidification. Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK has been involved in research on N cycling in ecosystems since its inception in 1843. Measurements of precipitation composition at Rothamsted, made since 1853, show an increase of nitrate and ammonium N in precipitation from 1 and 3 kg N ha −" yr −" , respectively, in 1855 to a maximum of 8 and 10 kg N ha −" yr −" in 1980, decreasing to 4 and 5 kg N ha −" yr −" today. Nitrogen inputs via dry deposition do, however, remain high. Recent measurements with diffusion tubes and filter packs show large concentrations of nitrogen dioxide of c. 20 µg m −$ in winter and c. 10 µg m −$ in summer ; the difference is linked to the use of central heating, and with variations in wind direction and pollutant source. Concentrations of nitric acid and particulate N exhibit maxima of 1n5 and 2 µg m −$ in summer and winter, respectively. Concentrations of ammonia are small, barely rising above 1 µg m −$ .Taking deposition velocities from the literature gives a total deposition of all measured N species to winter cereals of 43n3 kg N ha −" yr −" , 84 % as oxidized species, 79 % dry deposited. The fate of this N deposited to the very long-term Broadbalk Continuous Wheat Experiment at Rothamsted has been simulated using the SUNDIAL N-cycling model : at equilibrium, after 154 yr of the experiment and with N deposition increasing from c. 10 kg ha −" yr −" in 1843 to 45 kg ha −" yr −" today, c. 5 % is leached, 12 % is denitrified, 30 % immobilized in the soil organic matter and 53 % taken off in the crop. The ' efficiency of use ' of the deposited N decreases, and losses and immobilization increase as the amount of fertilizer N increases. The deposited N itself, and the acidification that is associated with it (from the nitric acid, ammonia and ammonium), has reduced the number of plant species on the 140-yr-old Park Grass hay meadow. It has also reduced methane oxidation rates in soil by c. 15 % under arable land and 30 % under woodland, and has caused N saturation of local woodland ecosystems : nitrous oxide emission rates of up to 1n4 kg ha −" yr −" are equivalent to those from arable land receiving 200 kg N ha −" yr −" , and in proportion to the excess N deposited ; measurements of N cycling processes and pools using "&N pool dilution techniques show a large nitrate pool and enhanced rates of nitrification relative to immobilization. Ratios of gross nitrification : gross immobilization might prove to be good indices of N saturation.

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“…Land use change can simultaneously cause both beneficial and harmful effects, because any change in land use has important consequences for many biological, chemical, and physical processes in soils and so, indirectly, the environment Blake 1998, 1993;Sverdrup et al 1995). Soil pollution (especially metal pollution) has become an important environmental issue in developed countries (e.g., the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Spain) due to changes in the land use pattern over the last few decades (Adriano 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of land use on concentrations of metals in surface soils and ecological risk around Guanting Reservoir, China

Luo

Lü

Giesy

et al. 2007

Environ Geochem Health

167

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It is accepted that the historical routine use of agrochemicals may have resulted in undesirable concentrations of metals in the environment. To investigate and assess the effects of land use on concentrations of heavy metals around the Guanting Reservoir in China, 52 surface soil samples (depth of 2-10 cm) were taken from areas where four types of land use were practiced (including arable land, woodland, bare land, orchard land). The metals and metalloids (As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Significant accumulation of As, Cd, and Cr was found in soils of arable land. Based on correlation and cluster analysis, it can be concluded that Cd and Zn originate mainly from phosphate fertilizer, Pb from the use of insecticides, fertilizers, and sewage sludge as well as air deposition, and Cu from copper-based fungicides, while As, Ni and Cr might come from parent soil material. According to an ecological risk analysis of metals based on the ecological index suggested by Hakanson, the four types of land can be ranked by severity of ecological risk as follows: arable land [ woodland [ bare land [ orchard land, with a high ecological risk of Cd for all four types. Management measures for land use planners for avoiding water, soil, and sediment pollution caused by metals around the Guanting Reservoir are presented.

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Modelling recent and historic soil data from the Rothamsted Experimental Station, UK using SAFE

Cited by 73 publications

References 17 publications

Spatial distribution of metals in top soils of Islamabad City, Pakistan

Spatial distribution of metals in top soils of Islamabad City, Pakistan

Nitrogen deposition and its contribution to nitrogen cycling and associated soil processes

Effects of land use on concentrations of metals in surface soils and ecological risk around Guanting Reservoir, China

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