Modelling phytoplankton succession on the Bering Sea shelf: role of climate influences and trophic interactions in generating Emiliania huxleyi blooms 1997–2000

Merico, Agostino; Tyrrell, Toby; Lessard, Evelyn J.; Oğuz, Temel; Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Zeeman, Stephan I.; Whitledge, Terry E.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.003

Cited by 87 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The standard run is not able to reproduce the slow decline in silicate seen in 2002 and 2003, but is able to reproduce the more typical rapid decline in silicate as a result of diatom consumption seen in many other temperature locations (e.g. Merico et al, 2004;Takahashi et al, 1993) and seen in the Norwegian Sea data in 2005. Figure 5 shows the standard run of the atmospheric and surface water pCO 2 alongside data points from Gislefoss et al (1998).…”

Section: The Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…We do not possess concurrent coccolithophore counts from OWS M. Nevertheless, we assess the hypothesis that coccolithophore success occurs at times of high cal by comparing what is known more generally about the timing of coccolithophore blooms at high-latitudes against our result of high summer cal . Merico et al (2006)'s two-layer, time-dependent, coupled biological-physical-carbon model is adapted here to Merico et al, 2004; Evans and Parslow, 1985;c Fasham et al, 1990;d Taylor et al, 1993 Coccoliths as of Merico et al (2004) Carbonate system (C T , A T ) represent the Norwegian Sea, with specific reference to the location of OWS M. The main adaptations made relate to the physical conditions (i.e. the forcing conditions) and the parameterisation of the ecosystem values.…”

Section: Are Reduced To Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon and nutrient mixed layer dynamics in the Norwegian Sea

et al. 2008

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Abstract.A coupled carbon-ecosystem model is compared to recent data from Ocean Weather Station M (66 • N, 02 • E) and used as a tool to investigate nutrient and carbon processes within the Norwegian Sea. Nitrate is consumed by phytoplankton in the surface layers over the summer; however the data show that silicate does not become rapidly limiting for diatoms, in contrast to the model prediction and in contrast to data from other temperate locations. The model estimates atmosphere-ocean CO 2 flux to be 37 g C m −2 yr −1 . The seasonal cycle of the carbonate system at OWS M resembles the cycles suggested by data from other high-latitude ocean locations. The seasonal cycles of calcite saturation state and [CO 2− 3 ] are similar in the model and in data at OWS M: values range from ∼3 and ∼120 µmol kg −1 respectively in winter, to ∼4 and ∼170 µmol kg −1 respectively in summer. The model and data provide further evidence (supporting previous modelling work) that the summer is a time of high saturation state within the annual cycle at high-latitude locations. This is also the time of year that coccolithophore blooms occur at high latitudes.

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Section: The Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Are Reduced To Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and nutrient mixed layer dynamics in the Norwegian Sea

et al. 2008

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“…In aquatic ecosystems, biodiversity has historically been extensively studied in terms of phytoplankton competition and succession (Margalef 1978;Tilman 1982;Sommer 1985); to this day, many ecosystem models still aim primarily to resolve and explain the rise and fall of phytoplankton species (Merico et al 2004;Lancelot et al 2005). Because of the substantial amount of data and theory available on phytoplankton succession, it presents an ideal test case for the SID approach.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biodiversity‐inspired approach to aquatic ecosystem modeling

Bruggeman

Kooijman

2007

Limnology & Oceanography

119

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Current aquatic ecosystem models accommodate increasing amounts of physiological detail, but marginalize the role of biodiversity by aggregating multitudes of different species. We propose that at present, understanding of aquatic ecosystems is likely to benefit more from improved descriptions of biodiversity and succession than from incorporation of more realistic physiology. To illustrate how biodiversity can be accounted for, we define the system of infinite diversity (SID), which characterizes ecosystems in the spirit of complex adaptive systems theory as single units adapting to environmental pressure. The SID describes an ecosystem with one generic population model and continuity in species-characterizing parameters, and acquires rich dynamics by modeling succession as evolution of the parameter value distribution. This is illustrated by a four-parameter phytoplankton model that minimizes physiological detail, but includes a sophisticated representation of community diversity and interspecific differences. This model captures several well-known aquatic ecosystem features, including formation of a deep chlorophyll maximum and nutrient-driven seasonal succession. As such, it integrates theories on changes in species composition in both time and space. We argue that despite a lack of physiological detail, SIDs may ultimately prove a valuable tool for further qualitative and quantitative understanding of ecosystems.Biodiversity poses a perennial problem for ecosystem modelers. Confronted with a reality fraught with species, dependencies, and physiological detail, one cannot help but think that simple models cannot do it justice (Anderson 2005). Simple models aggregate large numbers of species into single state variables, and by doing so they lose the ability to reproduce ranges of behavior shown by detailed species-explicit models (Raick et al. 2006). Also, the use of aggregation puts models at a greater distance from empirical results, first because assimilation of empirically determined, species-specific parameter values to parameters of virtual aggregates of species is a difficult and largely subjective process; second because aggregate models provide only indirect information about individual species observed in the field. Not surprisingly, large ecosystem models that describe many classes of species explicitly have recently gained in popularity (Baretta et al. 1995; Quéré et al. 2005). However, continued diversification of functional groups may create more problems than it solves. Increasing the number of groups within ecosystem models dilutes the available empirical information per model unit, and therefore increases the uncertainty per parameter. Considering the substantial uncertainty already associated with parameters of moderate-size ecosystem models, this route seems unappealing. Also, it is easy to overlook that as the number of variables within an ecosystem model increases, so does the amount of information needed to initialize the model. A utopian species-complete model would require ini...

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“…Margalef, 1978;Holligan et al, 1983;Lochte et al, 1993;Sieracki et al, 1993;Thunell et al, 1996;Balch, 2004). Indeed, a recent study of the phenological characteristics of coccolithophore blooms by Hopkins et al (2015) concluded that they often follow those of diatoms in many regions, with the sequencing driven by increasing stabilisation and/or nutrient depletion (mainly silicate and/or iron and possibly also favoured by an associated increase in carbonate saturation; Merico et al, 2004) of the surface layer. The slightly different seasonal pattern observed at both sampling depths (Fig.…”

Section: Seasonal Dynamics Of the Calcareous And Siliceous Phytoplankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccolithophore populations and their contribution to carbonate export during an annual cycle in the Australian sector of the Antarctic zone

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The Southern Ocean is experiencing rapid and relentless change in its physical and biogeochemical properties. The rate of warming of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current exceeds that of the global ocean, and the enhanced uptake of carbon dioxide is causing basin-wide ocean acidification. Observational data suggest that these changes are influencing the distribution and composition of pelagic plankton communities. Long-term and annual field observations on key environmental variables and organisms are a critical basis for predicting changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems. These observations are particularly needed, since highlatitude systems have been projected to experience the most severe impacts of ocean acidification and invasions of allochthonous species.

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Modelling phytoplankton succession on the Bering Sea shelf: role of climate influences and trophic interactions in generating Emiliania huxleyi blooms 1997–2000

Cited by 87 publications

References 49 publications

Carbon and nutrient mixed layer dynamics in the Norwegian Sea

Carbon and nutrient mixed layer dynamics in the Norwegian Sea

A biodiversity‐inspired approach to aquatic ecosystem modeling

Coccolithophore populations and their contribution to carbonate export during an annual cycle in the Australian sector of the Antarctic zone

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