Modelling of three-port RF transformers

Quad-switch push-pull (QSPP) RF amplifier with direct, simultaneous modulation of phase and pulse position for spread-spectrum power applications

“…A simple, broadband model with no resistances, which can be derived from [38], [39] for a trifilar-wound transformer because of inherent symmetries, is illustrated in Fig. 6.…”

Characterization and modeling of silicon devices for RF applications

“…2 [13,14,15], substrate effect, [16,17], and mutual coupling, [18,19], are added to fit the simulated characteristics to the measured characteristics. In some cases, a spiral inductor is configured as an on-chip transformer, and its model is also developed, [20,21].…”

“…Characterization and parameter extraction for on-chip baluns [20,21] are always complicated and involved three-port measurement. A simple and efficient parameter extraction technique for the on-chip balun is worth exploring.…”

“…An accurate physical model is essential in the circuit design, circuit simulation, evaluation of the process technology, and optimization of the balun design. Efficient modeling methods for calculating and fitting the model from the balun geometry and process parameters have been recently addressed,[13,20,21,127]. Unfortunately, these process parameters are often not always well-known for the particular modeling situation at hand.…”