Modelling of the spring-in phenomenon in curved parts made of a thermosetting composite

Ersoy, Nuri; Garstka, T.; Potter, Kevin D; Wisnom, Michael R; Porter, David; Stringer, Graeme

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.11.008

Cited by 116 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Bending rigidity of a typical PAN nano-fiber with diameter of 200 nm [20] [31]) is much higher than that of CNTs (about 0.005 [32,33]), which will also brings higher compaction resistance. However, the orientation distribution of PAN fibers in an interleave is close to in-plane, whilst CNTs' orientation distribution in a forest grown on the fibers is either close to being spatially uniform or to radial alignment.…”

Section: ·10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thicker interleaves may potentially improve the quality of the toughening, but they can significantly alter the thickness of composites, therefore reducing their in-plane strength. The compressibility of fibers and the consequent thickness of composites also influence residual stresses and geometrical unconformities in the produced part [19,20]. The present paper investigates how the presence of the interleaves of different areal weight affects compressibility of the fabric layup during manufacturing of the composites and hence the fiber volume fraction attainable at the given processing pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compressibility of carbon fabrics with needleless electrospun PAN nanofibrous interleaves

Lomov

Molnár²

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The present paper investigates how the presence of nanofiber interleaves affects the compressibility of the layup during manufacturing of the composites and hence determining the theoretically attainable fiber volume fraction at the given processing pressure. The results show that up to the interleave areal density of 10 g/m 2 per nanofiber layer the decrease of fiber volume fraction does not exceed 3% for a laminate of carbon fiber woven fabric. Interleaves inside a fabric laminate are more compressible than a plain electrospun veil. It can be explained as the nanofibers penetrate between the carbon fibers when applying compression during composite manufacturing. It can be stated that there is a strong interference between the interleaves and the carbon reinforcement, which can lead to effective toughness improvement of the composite without significant alteration of fiber volume content.

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Section: ·10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressibility of carbon fabrics with needleless electrospun PAN nanofibrous interleaves

Lomov

Molnár²

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…Other examples effecting the quality of the final component are prepreg not properly laid up [3], slippage in corner areas and the different thermal expansion coefficients of the material and the tool [4,5]. During forming experiments, it has been shown that the microscopic thermoplastic particles used as tougheners (craze stoppers) greatly influence the degree of sliding within and between thermoset prepreg layers [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,4], have concluded that friction initially drops as temperature increases. However, while the friction towards a metal tool continues to decrease at even higher temperatures, although still well below the resin curing temperature, the prepregprepreg friction reaches a minimum whereafter it increases again.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The friction between the two sliding prepreg surfaces of non-cured composite prepreg materials has previously been reported to influence the quality of the formed composite component by causing residual stresses and shape distortions [3,4,5], core crushing during autoclave moulding of honeycomb sandwich components [6] and wrinkles due to resistance of forming. Other examples effecting the quality of the final component are prepreg not properly laid up [3], slippage in corner areas and the different thermal expansion coefficients of the material and the tool [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the interply friction of different generations of carbon/epoxy prepreg systems

Larberg

Åkermo

2011

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Using pre-stacked material that is formed as a first step in the manufacturing process offers reduced process cycle time for production of complex structural components. The forming is achieved by forcing layers to deform by e.g. intraply deformation and interply slippage, where the latter is the scope of this study. The prepreg-prepreg friction is experimentally determined for four unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepreg systems. The materials differ considering volume fraction of fibres, fibre stiffness and phase of thermoplastic toughener (solved or particles). The study shows large individual differences between the tested materials, where the material systems with particle tougheners seem to obey a boundary lubrication friction, while the other materials show hydrodynamically dominated friction. A large difference between the high and low friction materials, almost a factor of 10, correlates to trends seen in the herein performed surface roughness measurements. Vacuum as well as autoclave consolidated materials are tested.

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Characterization and modeling of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a epoxy cured with aliphatic liquid amines

Guest¹,

Tilbrook

Ogin

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The characterization by DMA and compressive stress-strain behavior of an epoxy resin cured with a number of liquid amines is studied in this work along with predictions of the associated properties using Group Interaction Modeling (GIM). A number of different methods are used to assign two of the input parameters for GIM, and the effect on the predictions is investigated. Excellent predictions are made for the glass transition temperature, along with good predictions for the beta transition temperature and modulus for the majority of resins tested. Predictions for the compressive yield stress and strain are less accurate, due to a number of factors, but still show reasonable correlation with the experimental data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3130-3141, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

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Modelling of the spring-in phenomenon in curved parts made of a thermosetting composite

Cited by 116 publications

References 21 publications

Compressibility of carbon fabrics with needleless electrospun PAN nanofibrous interleaves

Compressibility of carbon fabrics with needleless electrospun PAN nanofibrous interleaves

On the interply friction of different generations of carbon/epoxy prepreg systems

Characterization and modeling of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐a epoxy cured with aliphatic liquid amines

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