Modelling of the reduction of manganese oxides with hydrogen

Kinetics of manganese ore reduction by carbon monoxide

“…If the estimate of k f had been too experiments on a range of synthetic oxides, found that the high or too low, the shrinking core plots for the assumed reduction of Mn 2 O 3 by CO initiated already at 310 ЊC, while mass transfer controlled reactions would have been shifted the reduction of Mn 3 O 4 by CO started significantly at 438 downward or upward, giving, respectively, negative or too ЊC. De Bruijn et al [5] studied manganese ore reduction at low values for k c . Also, it is by intuition likely that the rate 275 ЊC to 400 ЊC.…”

“…[3] Gaseous manganese oxide reduction is also described decomposing the ore to bixbyite prior to CO reduction. to some extent, [4,5,6] but the results of different investigators vary considerably and no convincing conclusions have been made on the reduction above 500 ЊC. Therefore, the present II.…”

Co-recovery of manganese from low-grade pyrolusite and vanadium from stone coal using fluidized roasting coupling technology

“…There are two kinds of reductive technologies for pyrolusite at present: the roasting reduction and the hydrometallurgical reduction. The roasting reduction can be held in a reverberating furnace, a rotary kiln or a fixed bed using CO (Paixdo et al, 1995) or H 2 (De Bruijn et al, 1980;Jerez and Alario, 1982) as the reductive gas or organic materials as the reductants such as cornstalk (Cheng et al, 2009), and sawdust (Song et al, 2010) at high temperature. The process has many disadvantages: high energy consumption, long roasting time, insufficient heat and mass transfer, and easy sintering.…”

Reductive Leaching of Low-Grade Pyrolusite with Formic Acid

“…[3] Considerable research interests are focused on the new reduction methods of manganese from pyrolusite. Pyrometallurgy, biometallurgy, and hydrometallurgy are the main types of metallurgy method for the reduction of manganese dioxide ore. Pyrite, [4,5] CO, [6] pure sulfur, [7] H 2 , [8] sawdust, [9] cornstalk, [10] and bagasse pith [11] are the several common reductants used in pyrometallurgy. High energy consumption, insufficient heat and mass transfer, and severe environmental pollution are considered as the disadvantages of the pyrometallurgy process.…”