“…The use of large eddy simulation (LES), which resolves relatively large scales of turbulence and either models the dynamics of the small scales or dissipates them implicitly (numerically), has also been used to study isotropic turbulence. Some important LES studies of isotropic turbulence include Langford and Moser, 35 who showed LES formulations for isotropic turbulence, Thornber et al, 36 who used implicit LES to study decaying homogeneous turbulence, Vreman et al, 37 who used a finite volume approach and attempted to quantify compressibility effects, and Abdibekov and Zhakebaev, 38 who studied decaying isotropic turbulence. Also, Hughes et al 39 formulated various LES approaches for decaying, homogeneous isotropic turbulence; Zang et al 40 performed LES of compressible isotropic turbulence, and Swanson et al 41 studied decaying, homogeneous isotropic turbulence using various weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes and compared solutions with select theories.…”