Modelling of streamflow and its components for a large Himalayan basin with predominant snowmelt yields

Singh, Pratap; Jain, Sanjay K.

doi:10.1623/hysj.48.2.257.44693

Cited by 85 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…But the limited period of data (1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990) with 3 yr data missing) used in that study does not provide much statistical confidence. With an improved data network, more recent studies have simulated the "daily" flow of the Satluj River based on daily precipitation, temperature and snow cover information from the satellite images (Singh and Quick, 1993;Jain et al, 1998Jain et al, , 2010Singh and Jain, 2003). While these studies have reported better results with time, these conceptual rainfall-runoff models are not useful for longer-term (seasonal) forecasting since they are based on near-real-time daily weather data.…”

Section: Pal Et Al: Predictability Of Western Himalayan River Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Spiti catchment (10 071 km 2 ) experiences extensive snowfall due to westerly weather disturbances in the winter months that contribute to the Satluj flow in spring, or in MAMJ (Singh and Kumar, 1997), which is of our interest. In general the maximum snow cover area exists in March, by when most of the snowfall has occurred (Singh and Jain, 2003).…”

Section: Study Region and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictability of Western Himalayan river flow: melt seasonal inflow into Bhakra Reservoir in northern India

Pal

Lall

Robertson

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Snowmelt-dominated streamflow of the Western Himalayan rivers is an important water resource during the dry pre-monsoon spring months to meet the irrigation and hydropower needs in northern India. Here we study the seasonal prediction of melt-dominated total inflow into the Bhakra Dam in northern India based on statistical relationships with meteorological variables during the preceding winter. Total inflow into the Bhakra Dam includes the Satluj River flow together with a flow diversion from its tributary, the Beas River. Both are tributaries of the Indus River that originate from the Western Himalayas, which is an understudied region. Average measured winter snow volume at the upper-elevation stations and corresponding lower-elevation rainfall and temperature of the Satluj River basin were considered as empirical predictors. Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) were used to select the best subset of inputs from all the possible combinations of predictors for a multiple linear regression framework. To test for potential issues arising due to multicollinearity of the predictor variables, cross-validated prediction skills of the best subset were also compared with the prediction skills of principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) techniques, which yielded broadly similar results. As a whole, the forecasts of the melt season at the end of winter and as the melt season commences were shown to have potential skill for guiding the development of stochastic optimization models to manage the trade-off between irrigation and hydropower releases versus flood control during the annual fill cycle of the Bhakra Reservoir, a major energy and irrigation source in the region.

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Section: Pal Et Al: Predictability Of Western Himalayan River Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Region and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictability of Western Himalayan river flow: melt seasonal inflow into Bhakra Reservoir in northern India

Pal

Lall

Robertson

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, bearing this in mind, SNOWMOD was developed using a temperature index approach. Details of the model may be found in Singh & Jain (2003) and the flow chart of the model structure is shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Special Features Of the Snowmelt Model (Snowmod)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several other field studies have determined the temperature lapse rates for mountainous regions of the world in the range of 0.5-0.7ºC/100 m (Pielke & Mehring, 1977;Barry, 1992;de Scally, 1997;Singh & Singh, 2001;Singh & Jain, 2002;Singh & Jain, 2003;Thayyen, 2003). For the Himalayan basins, temperatures were lapsed at 0.60ºC/100 m to the mean hypsometric elevation of different elevation zones for melt computation (Singh & Jain, 2002) and such a lapse rate was used in the present study.…”

Section: Meteorological Data Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and estimation of different components of streamflow for Gangotri Glacier basin, Himalayas / Modélisation et estimation des différentes composantes de l'écoulement fluviatile du bassin du Glacier Gangotri, Himalaya

Singh¹,

Haritashya

Kumar

2008

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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“…Thus, RS is an indispensable tool for simulating and/or forecasting of snowmelt runoff and climate studies by the snowcovered area analysis it offers. A review of RS in snow hydrology is given by Rango (1993) and some applications are presented in Akyürek & Sorman (2002), Singh & Jain (2003), Bernier et al (2003), Shaban et al (2004), and Aouad-Rizk et al (2005). Even though RS enables the determination of SCA on a daily basis, there may exist some missing dates in the determination of SCA, due either to the cost involved for image analysis or to the time duration required for satellite image processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the temporal variation in snow-covered area derived from satellite images for simulating/forecasting of snowmelt runoff in Turkey/Modélisation de la variation temporelle de la surface enneigée à partir d'images satellitaires pour la simulation/prévision de l'écoulement de fonte nivale en Turquie

Tekeli

Akyürek²,

Şensoy³

et al. 2005

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Monitoring the change of snow-covered area (SCA) in a basin is vitally important for optimum operation of water resources, where the main contribution comes from snowmelt. A methodology for obtaining the depletion pattern of SCA, which is based on satellite image observations where mean daily air temperature is used, is applied for the 1997 water year and tested for the 1998 water year. The study is performed at the Upper Euphrates River basin in Turkey (10 216 km 2 ). The major melting period in this basin starts in early April. The cumulated mean daily air temperature (CMAT) is correlated to the depletion of snow-covered area with the start of melting. The analysis revealed that SCA values obtained from NOAA-AVHRR satellite images are exponentially correlated to CMAT for the whole basin in a lumped manner, where R 2 values of 0.98 and 0.99 were obtained for the water years 1997 and 1998, respectively. The applied methodology enables the interpolation between the SCA observations and extrapolation. Such a procedure reduces the number of satellite images required for analysis and provides solution for the cloud-obscured images. Based on the image availability, the effect of the number of images on the quality of snowmelt runoff simulations is also discussed. In deriving the depletion curve for SCA, if the number of images is reduced, the timing of image analysis within the snowmelt period is found very important. Analysis of the timing of satellite images indicated that images from the early and middle parts of the melt period are more important.Key words cumulative mean daily temperature; NOAA-AVHRR images; snow-covered area; snowmelt runoff; Turkey Modélisation de la variation temporelle de la surface enneigée à partir d'images satellitaires pour la simulation/prévision de l'écoulement de fonte nivale en Turquie Résumé Suivre l'évolution de la surface enneigée dans un bassin est d'une importance vitale pour la gestion optimale des ressources en eau, lorsque la contribution principale correspond à la fonte nivale. Une méthodologie d'obtention des courbes de diminution de la surface enneigée, qui s'appuie sur des observations satellitaires et qui utilise la température moyenne journalière de l'air, est appliquée à l'année hydrologique 1997 et testée pour l'année hydrologique 1998. L'étude est réalisée pour le bassin supérieur de l'Euphrate, en Turquie (10 216 km 2 ). La période principale de fonte dans ce bassin commence début avril. La température moyenne journalière cumulée de l'air (TMJC) est corrélée avec la réduction de la surface enneigée et avec le début de la fonte. L'analyse montre que les valeurs de surface enneigée obtenues à partir d'images satellitaires NOAA-AVHRR sont corrélées de manière exponentielle avec la TMJC du bassin dans sa globalité, avec des valeurs de R² respectivement égales à 0.98 et 0.99 pour les années hydrologiques 1997 et 1998. La méthodologie appliquée permet de réaliser des interpolations entre les observations de surface enneigée, ainsi que des extrapolations. Une tell...

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Modelling of streamflow and its components for a large Himalayan basin with predominant snowmelt yields

Cited by 85 publications

References 12 publications

Predictability of Western Himalayan river flow: melt seasonal inflow into Bhakra Reservoir in northern India

Predictability of Western Himalayan river flow: melt seasonal inflow into Bhakra Reservoir in northern India

Modelling and estimation of different components of streamflow for Gangotri Glacier basin, Himalayas / Modélisation et estimation des différentes composantes de l'écoulement fluviatile du bassin du Glacier Gangotri, Himalaya

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