Modelling of storm wash-off of suspended solids from impervious surfaces

Deletić, Ana; Maksimovic, edo; Ivetić, Marko

doi:10.1080/00221689709498646

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The removal potentials of other pollutants are then estimated as a fraction of the sediment mass discharged through the application of "potency factors". Although this approach may lend itself to easier calibration than the exponential wash-off formulations, which require the establishment of reliable washoff rate constants, the deterministic methodology is limited by the ability of the modeller to define appropriate values for the threshold shear stresses (Deletic et al, 1997) as well as other parameters in relation to the complex surface micro-topography which comprises even the smallest of drainage inlet conditions.…”

Section: Wash-off Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of mathematical models including linear, power, exponential and MichaelisMenton functions have been used to describe the temporal build-up process (Huber and Dickinson 1988). However, the most widely employed predictive relationships for urban surfaces are the exponential (Bertrand-Krajewski et al, 1993;Charbeneau and Barrett, 1998;Deletic et al, 1997;Shaheen, 1975) and power functions (Ball et al, 1998;Egodawatta et al, 2013).…”

Section: Accumulation Modelling Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

Revitt

Lundy

Coulon

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Management

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Traffic emissions contribute significantly to the build-up of diffuse pollution loads on urban surfaces with their subsequent mobilisation and direct discharge posing problems for receiving water quality. This review focuses on the impact and mitigation of solids, metals, nutrients and organic pollutants in the runoff deriving from car parks. Variabilities in the discharged pollutant levels and in the potentials for pollutant mitigation complicate an impact assessment of car park runoff. The different available stormwater best management practices and proprietary devices are reported to be capable of reductions of between 20% and almost 100% for both suspended solids and a range of metals. This review contributes to prioritising the treatment options which can achieve the appropriate pollutant reductions whilst conforming to the site requirements of a typical car park. By applying different treatment scenarios to the runoff from a hypothetical car park, it is shown that optimal performance, in terms of ecological benefits for the receiving water, can be achieved using a treatment train incorporating permeable paving and bioretention systems. The review identifies existing research gaps and emphasises the pertinent management practices as well as design issues which are relevant to the mitigation of car park pollution.

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Section: Wash-off Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accumulation Modelling Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

Revitt

Lundy

Coulon

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Another interesting observation is the lack of attention given to the surface slope in the above studies. Two processes that drive sediment mobilisation are impact energy from rainfall drops (Coleman, 1993) and shear stress from overland flow (Akan, 1987;Deletic et al, 1997) both of which are sensitive to surface slope especially the latter. With the exception of Nakamura (1984) none of the above studies paid attention to the effect of slope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving understanding of the underlying physical process of sediment wash-off from urban road surfaces

Muthusamy

Tait

Schellart

et al. 2018

Journal of Hydrology

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a b s t r a c tAmong the urban aquatic pollutants, the most common is sediment which also acts as a transport medium for many contaminants. Hence there is an increasing interest in being able to better predict the sediment wash-off from urban surfaces. The exponential wash-off model is the most widely used method to predict the sediment wash-off. Although a number of studies proposed various modifications to the original exponential wash-off equation, these studies mostly looked into one parameter in isolation thereby ignoring the interactions between the parameters corresponding to rainfall, catchment and sediment characteristics. Hence in this study we aim (a) to investigate the effect of rainfall intensity, surface slope and initial load on wash-off load in an integrated and systematic way and (b) to subsequently improve the exponential wash-off equation focusing on the effect of the aforementioned three parameters. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out in a full-scale setup, comprising of a rainfall simulator, a 1 m 2 bituminous road surface, and a continuous wash-off measuring system. Five rainfall intensities ranging from 33 to 155 mm/h, four slopes ranging from 2 to 16% and three initial loads ranging from 50 to 200 g/m 2 were selected based on values obtained from the literature. Fine sediment with a size range of 300-600 mm was used for all of the tests. Each test was carried out for one hour with at least 9 wash-off samples per test collected. Mass balance checks were carried out for all the tests as a quality control measure to make sure that there is no significant loss of sand during the tests. Results show that the washed off sediment load at any given time is proportional to initial load for a given combination of rainfall intensity and surface slope. This indicates the importance of dedicated modelling of build-up so as to subsequently predict wash-off load. It was also observed that the maximum fraction that is washed off from the surface increases with both rainfall intensity and the surface slope. This observation leads to the second part of the study where the existing wash-off model is modified by introducing a capacity factor which defines this maximum fraction. This capacity factor is derived as a function of wash-off coefficient, making use of the correlation between the maximum fraction and the wash-off rate. Values of the modified wash-off coefficient are presented for all combinations of rainfall intensities and surface slopes, which can be transferred to other urban catchments with similar conditions.

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“…A number of studies have used an exponential washoff model, assuming pollutant washoff load depends on runoff volume [Behera et al, 2006;Deletic et al, 1997]. In the present study, the pollutant removal rate is assumed to be proportional to the runoff volume [Behera et al, 2006]:…”

Section: Pollutant Washoff Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonlinear pollutant buildup was first established from field data collected by Sartor and Boyd [1972], and they suggested an exponential relationship between the amount of solids available on the surface and the duration of the antecedent dry period. This concept has been employed in several subsequent studies [e.g., Behera et al, 2006;Deletic et al, 1997;Chen and Adams, 2007]. The exponential formulation is adopted in this study.…”

Section: Pollutant Buildup Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon loading and transport via road runoff in an urban region of Beijing, China

Zhang

Keller

Wang

2009

Water Resources Research

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[1] An analytical runoff water quality model is developed for simulating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) loading and transport via road runoff in an urban area. The model considers buildup and washoff processes of suspended solids in storm runoff and considers dissolved and particle-bound PAHs. Pollutant deposition and removal processes, which have typically been treated with a constant rate in previous models, are depicted as functions of relative humidity and wind speed to reflect the influence of meteorological conditions and are integrated into the pollutant buildup function. Pollutant input via rainwater and canopy throughfall from roadside trees is considered in the washoff model. The model is calibrated and verified with field data from an urban catchment in Beijing, China. The verification indicates that the runoff model is capable of providing results in good agreement with field measurements. A Monte Carlo framework is used to evaluate the uncertainty of PAH loading under various scenarios of atmospheric conditions.

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Modelling of storm wash-off of suspended solids from impervious surfaces

Cited by 74 publications

References 5 publications

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

Improving understanding of the underlying physical process of sediment wash-off from urban road surfaces

Analytical modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon loading and transport via road runoff in an urban region of Beijing, China

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