Modelling of Sediment Compaction During Burial in Sedimentary Basins

Bj∅rlykke, K.; Chuhan, Fawad A; Kjeldstad, A.; Gundersen, Elisabeth; Lauvrak, O.; H∅eg, K.

doi:10.1016/s1571-9960(04)80121-6

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A loss of porosity with depth could be expressed as an exponential decay process for different lithologies (Athy, ), which is easily incorporated into basin models (Giles et al ., ). The compaction curves vary considerably for different lithologies and compositions (Bjorlykke et al ., ). The sediment composition of each stratum and the compaction curves of each lithology are fundamentally important in accurately recovering the original sediment thickness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cenozoic tectonic subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2016

Basin Research

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A number of major controversies exist in the South China Sea, including the timing and pattern of seafloor spreading, the anomalous alternating strike-slip movement on the Red River Fault, the existence of anomalous post-rift subsidence and how major submarine canyons have developed. The Qiongdongnan Basin is located in the intersection of the northern South China Sea margin and the strike-slip Red River fault zone. Analysing the subsidence of the Qiongdongnan Basin is critical in understanding these controversies. The basin-wide unloaded tectonic subsidence is computed through 1D backstripping constrained by the reconstruction of palaeo-water depths and the interpretation of dense seismic profiles and wells. Results show that discrete subsidence sags began to form in the central depression during the middle and late Eocene (45-31.5 Ma). Subsequently in the Oligocene (31.5-23 Ma), more faults with intense activity formed, leading to rapid extension with high subsidence (40-90 m Myr À1 ). This extension is also inferred to be affected by the sinistral movement of the offshore Red River Fault as new subsidence sags progressively formed adjacent to this structure. Evidence from faults, subsidence, magmatic intrusions and strata erosion suggests that the breakup unconformity formed at ca. 23 Ma, coeval with the initial seafloor spreading in the southwestern subbasin of the South China Sea, demonstrating that the breakup unconformity in the Qiongdongnan Basin is younger than that observed in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (ca. 32-28 Ma) and Taiwan region (ca. 39-33 Ma), which implies that the seafloor spreading in the South China Sea began diachronously from east to west. The post-rift subsidence was extremely slow during the early and middle Miocene (16 m Myr À1 , 23-11.6 Ma), probably caused by the transient dynamic support induced by mantle convection during seafloor spreading. Subsequently, rapid post-rift subsidence occurred during the late Miocene (144 m Myr À1 , 11.6-5.5 Ma) possibly as the dynamic support disappeared. The post-rift subsidence slowed again from the Pliocene to the Quaternary (24 m Myr À1 , 5.5-0 Ma), but a subsidence centre formed in the west with the maximum subsidence of ca. 450 m, which coincided with a basin with the sediment thickness exceeding 5500 m and is inferred to be caused by sediment-induced ductile crust flow. Anomalous post-rift subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin increased from ca. 300 m in the northwest to ca. 1200 m in the southeast, and the post-rift vertical movement of the basement was probably the most important factor to facilitate the development of the central submarine canyon.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cenozoic tectonic subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2016

Basin Research

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“…The results presented in this study are most relevant for the outer 20–30 km of the forearc, where compaction disequilibrium processes dominate and a constant lithology is most likely to occur. Beyond this distance from the deformation front, temperature, and pressure increase to levels where additional mechanical (e.g., grain crushing and fracturing), chemical (e.g., dissolution and precipitation of minerals), and diagenetic (e.g., smectite to illite transformation) processes become increasingly important over geological time (Bjørlykke et al., 2004; Saffer & Tobin, 2011). My observations imply that with small changes in stress as sediment enters the accretionary prism, significant fluid loss may occur due to compression as the sediment cannot hold those stresses and will lose porosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Grain Size on the Hydromechanical Behavior of Mudstones

Reece

2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The consolidation behavior of mudstone is controlled by the clay fraction and affects a wide range of deformation and fluid transport processes in accretionary wedge systems. I analyze the compression and permeability behavior of six sediment mixtures based on uniaxial resedimentation and constant rate of strain consolidation data. The sediment mixtures are composed of varying proportions of hemipelagic mudstone and silt‐size silica resulting in clay fractions ranging from 56% to 32% by mass. The hemipelagic mudstone is from Site C0011 drilled seaward of the Nankai Trough, offshore Japan, during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 322. I show that porosity and compression index consistently decrease and permeability consistently increases with decreasing clay fraction over vertical effective stresses ranging from 0 to 21 MPa. Backscattered electron microscope images reveal that matrix porosity declines and large, jagged pore throats are being preserved in compaction shadows between silt grains as the clay fraction decreases. I compare the behavior of reconstituted samples with that of intact core and field measurements and interpret that increasing creep with depth and different mudstone fabrics explain differences in their compression curves. Finally, I provide empirical compression and permeability models that describe the evolution of porosity (void ratio) and permeability with vertical effective stress and as a function of grain size. Characterizing the in situ hydromechanical properties of subduction inputs is critical in order to relate input sediments to those at frontal thrust regions and predict pore fluid pressures and compaction‐driven fluid sources within the outer part of the accretionary prism.

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“…In more detail for the performed modelling steps, decompaction was performed by using well‐accepted initial porosity, compaction coefficient and sediment grain density parameters for typical lithological (sand, silt, clay) percentages (e.g. Bjørlykke et al., 2004; Mondol et al., 2007; Sclater & Christie, 1980) that were gathered through the available well‐log interpretation for each sequence (Table 3). The decompaction step removes the effect of burial compaction through time and displays the temporal variations in sequence thickness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between base‐salt relief, progradational sediment loading and salt tectonics in the Nordkapp Basin, Barents Sea – Part II

et al. 2021

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Reprocessed, regional, 2D seismic reflection profiles, 3D seismic volumes and well data (exploration and shallow boreholes), combined with 2D structural restorations and 1D backstripping were used to study the post-salt evolution of the Nordkapp Basin in Barents Sea. The post-salt evolution took place above a pre-salt basement and basin configuration affected by multiple rift events that influenced the depositional facies and thickness of Pennsylvanian-lower Permian-layered evaporite sequence. Initially, regional mid-late Permian extension reactivated pre-salt Carboniferous faults, caused minor normal faulting in the Permian strata and triggered slight salt mobilization towards structural highs. The main phase of salt mobilization occurred during earliest Triassic when thick and rapidly prograding sediments entered from the east into the Nordkapp Basin. In the early-mid-Triassic, the change in the direction of progradation and sediment entry-points shifted to the NW led to rotation of the earlier-formed mini-basins and shift of dominant salt evacuation direction to the south. The prograding sediment influx direction, sediment transport velocity and thickness influenced the dynamics of the early to late passive diapirism, salt expulsion and depletion along the strike of the basin. The basin topography resulting from salt highs and mini-basin lows strongly affected the Triassic progradational fairways and determined the distinct sediment routing patterns. Minor rejuvenation of the salt structures and rotation of the mini-basins took place at the Triassic-Jurassic transition, due to far-field stresses caused by the evolving Novaya Zemlya foldand-thrust belt to the east. This rejuvenation influenced the sediment dispersal routings and caused formation of dwarf secondary mini-basins. The second and main rejuvenation phase took place during likely early-mid-Eocene when propagated far-field stresses from the transpressional Eurekan/Spitsbergen orogeny to the NW inverted pre-salt normal faults, reactivated the structural highs and

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Modelling of Sediment Compaction During Burial in Sedimentary Basins

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Cenozoic tectonic subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

Cenozoic tectonic subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea

The Impact of Grain Size on the Hydromechanical Behavior of Mudstones

Interplay between base‐salt relief, progradational sediment loading and salt tectonics in the Nordkapp Basin, Barents Sea – Part II

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