Modelling of paleo-saltwater intrusion in the northern part of the Nubian Aquifer System, Northeast Africa

Goßel, Wolfgang; Sefelnasr, Ahmed; Wycisk, Peter

doi:10.1007/s10040-010-0597-x

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Groundwater is becoming salted because of Mediterranean Sea water intrusion. The salted water results in higher cost for desalination [31]. are necessary.…”

Section: Sirte Libyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Wastewater Treatment in Africa – Current Practices and Challenges

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

110

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Water and Wastewater Treatment in AfricaCurrent Practices and ChallengesSustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation is an important part of the millennium development goals (MDGs). For most African countries, an extensive effort is needed for the last three remaining years for the achievement of the MDGs, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Current practices for water and wastewater treatment in Africa are insufficient to ensure safe water and basic sanitation. To address this challenge, joint efforts are needed, including transforming to green economy, innovating technologies, improving operation and maintenance, harvesting energy, improving governance and management, promoting public participation, and establishing water quality standards. IntroductionAfrica is often characterized by its clean water and abundant biodiversity [1]. It is no doubt that water quantity and quality is of vital importance for the ecosystem [2,3]. Unfortunately, as the world's second-driest continent after Australia, Africa has only 9% of global renewable water resources to support 15% of the global population [1]. The lack of water in Africa is further aggravated by insufficient treatment of water and wastewater, particularly with rapid population growth and urbanization [2].At present, however, the efforts to improve drinking water quality and wastewater treatment are not keeping pace with population growth and urbanization [4,5]. The growing population and rising economy has resulted in increasing consumption of water and discharge of wastewater, which cause heavy pollution [6]. Water pollution not only reduces available freshwater, but also affects human health and ecosystem [3,7,8]. According to the millennium development goals (MDGs), the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation should be reduced in half by 2015 [9,10]. In fact, water and wastewater treatment is significant for the realization of the MDGs [11,12]. For example, goal 1 (to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger) is related to water treatment because the access to safe drinking water can save the time and cost to collect daily water, thus people may have more time to work and to get food [1]. Goal 2 is to achieve universal primary education. Some kids cannot go to school due to the fact that they have to collect drinking water, or they have to quit schools due to water-borne diseases [1]. Goal 3 (to promote gender equality and empowering women) is related to water treatment because the burden of water collection in Africa falls disproportionately on girls and women [1]. Goal 4 (to reduce child mortality rates) is related to water treatment because improving water quality can reduce child mortality [1]. Goal 5 (to improve maternal health) is closely related to water treatment [13]. Goal 6 is to combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. It was shown that some diseases including malaria are related with water treatment [14,15]. Goal 7 is to ensure environmental sustainability. One essential part (t...

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“…Groundwater is becoming salted because of Mediterranean Sea water intrusion. The salted water results in higher cost for desalination [31]. are necessary.…”

Section: Sirte Libyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Wastewater Treatment in Africa – Current Practices and Challenges

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There are numbers of studies accessed the high salinity of groundwater in coastal aquifers worldwide [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The origin and extent of saline, brackish and fresh groundwater, in the Red River Delta (RRD), has been studied by [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Groundwater Intrusion in the Pleistocene Aquifer in the Southern Part of the Red River Delta, Vietnam

Hoan¹,

Larsen²,

Lam³

et al. 2018

EES

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Abstract:Fresh groundwater was found in the Pleistocene aquifer in the southern part of the Red River Delta in 70"s of last century. It is located mainly in the south of Nam Dinh province and small part in southeast of Ninh Binh province. The fresh-saline boundary seems to migrate southward recently and downsize the area of fresh groundwater. It is necessary to find out the mechanisms of salt intrusion into the zone of freshwater in order to mitigate the negative impacts to the quality of water supply. Based on the survey data of groundwater chemistry, transient electromagnetic sounding, borehole logging, drilling, and chemical analysis of pore water squeezed from the low permeable sediment in the study region, it was determined the current spatial distribution of saline water in the Pleistocene aquifer and in marine clay layers. By combining these data with the results from previous studies, this study has determined the mechanisms of the salt intrusion into the freshwater zone. It was found that salinity in the Pleistocene aquifer is generated from two main sources (1) Vertical salt intrusion from the upper marine clay layer which is controlled by the diffusion and density flow and (2) Horizontal saltwater incursion due to the high hydraulic gradient which is controlled by the convection and dispersion which was generated by over groundwater exploitation.

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“…The groundwater within the NSAS aquifer is very old, however, the last wet period occurred 4000e8000 years BP as discussed by many authors (Pachur et al, 1987;Heinl and Brinkmann, 1989;Pachur et al, 1990;Pachur, 1999;Kr€ opelin, 1999;El-Baz et al, 2000;Kr€ opelin, 2001;Sadek et al, 2001;Thorweihe and Heinl, 2002;Sturchio et al, 2004;Gossel et al, 2006Gossel et al, , 2010bVoss and Soliman, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%