Modelling of lithium‐titanate battery with ambient temperature effect for charger design

Low, Wen Yao; Aziz, Maniruzzaman A.; Idris, Nik Rumzi Nik

doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0639

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…( Nazari et al., 2018 ) studied LFPs with different nominal capacities at different charging/discharging rates and calculated the overall heat generation rates as well as charging/discharging efficiencies. Li-Ti battery was regarded as a promising battery due to its excellent fast charging capability ( Low et al., 2016 ). During normal EV operations, the average charging and discharging rates are moderate.…”

Section: Operating Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting battery technologies for electric vehicles from battery materials to management

2022

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Summary Vehicle electrification has always been a hot topic and gradually become a major role in the automobile manufacturing industry over the last two decades. This paper presented comprehensive discussions and insightful evaluations of both conventional electric vehicle (EV) batteries (such as lead-acid, nickel-based, lithium-ion batteries, etc.) and the state-of-the-art battery technologies (such as all-solid-state, silicon-based, lithium-sulphur, metal-air batteries, etc.). Battery major component materials, operating characteristics, theoretical models, manufacturing processes, and end-of-life management were thoroughly reviewed. Different from other reviews focusing on theoretical studies, this review emphasized the key aspects of battery technologies, commercial applications, and lifecycle management. Useful battery managing technologies such as health prediction, charging and discharging, as well as thermal runaway prevention were thoroughly discussed. Two novel hexagon radar charts of all-round evaluations of most reigning and potential EV battery technologies were created to predict the development trend of the EV battery technologies. It showed that lithium-ion batteries (3.9 points) would be still the dominant product for the current commercial EV power battery market in a short term. However, some cutting-edge technologies such as an all-solid-state battery (3.55 points) and silicon-based battery (3.3 points) are highly likely to be the next-generation EV onboard batteries with both higher specific power and better safety performance.

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Section: Operating Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connecting battery technologies for electric vehicles from battery materials to management

2022

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“…Battery modeling is a vast field of research, with different levels of complexity. [82][83][84][85] Models vary from electrochemical reactions descriptions to equivalent circuits approximation. 86,87 Since the goal of this work is to model the EPS subsystem, the battery model has been adopted from MathWorks (Generic Battery Block -Simscape Language).…”

Section: Components Models and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The battery model is a key component in order to simulate the whole EPS architecture. Battery modeling is a vast field of research, with different levels of complexity 82‐85 . Models vary from electrochemical reactions descriptions to equivalent circuits approximation 86,87 .…”

Section: Components Models and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosatellite electrical power system architectures: Models, simulations, and tests

Slongo

Martinez

Eiterer

et al. 2020

Circuit Theory & Apps

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KESSLER SLONGO ET AL. power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, high-efficiency solar cells, and energy-aware scheduling algorithms are some of the hot topics under research nowadays. Due to size restrictions and aiming low complexity in design, many nanosatellite designers adopt the direct energy transfer (DET) architecture. KySat-2 is an example of a successfully accomplished mission, based on this EPS topology. Designed by Morehead State University Space Science and Engineering group, KySat-2 EPS was powered by a set of gold-plated deployable solar panels with 26% of efficiency. It provided four high-power regulated rails (two 3.3 V and two 5 V) and a low-noise, low power 3.3V rail for noise-sensitive devices. The energy storage system was made of three 18650 lithium-ion cells connected in series, and the high-power rails reached efficiencies approaching 90%. 12,21 Aiming minimum space occupation and low power consumption, the EPS proposed for the AraMiS project has a boost regulator operating the solar panels close to their MPP. 16 In order to reduce the number of components, the designers opted by the constant voltage MPPT algorithm, using only analog devices. The EPS steps up solar panels voltage from 4.4 V to the distribution bus voltage level (14 ± 2 V). It provides power buses with 3.3 and 5 V voltage levels. The EPS efficiency analysis is demonstrated, calculating the main components power losses. Although this is a very detailed and well-described work, it does not compare the proposed solution with other EPS architectures. A 3U EPS efficiency analysis is presented by Gonzalez-Llorente et al. 22 The subsystem is based on a buck converter that steps down the solar panels voltage (15 or 7.5 V) to the litChium-ion battery range of 3.3 or 6.6 V. The authors define an optimum operation point for the DC-DC converter in order to achieve its maximum efficiency. The operation point is defined by the converter input voltage, output voltage, and output power. Therefore, the discussion is based on different solar cells connections configurations, and battery cells arrangement, that result in the most efficient EPS configuration. Different scenarios have been analyzed to achieve 98% of peak efficiency on the best configuration: input voltage of 7.4 V, output voltage of 3.3 V, and output current varying from 0.1 mA to 2.1 A. Only the buck converter topology is discussed in this paper, and it does not consider any MPPT technique. An interesting solution adopted for the ERPSAT-1 picosatellite uses fuzzy logic to obtain energy harvesting maximization. 23 The developed subsystem has three main blocks, which are the fuzzy maximum power point tracker, the power conditioner, and the hierarchical fuzzy subsystem controller. The fuzzy logic algorithm has been implemented in a dedicated microcontroller that controls a boost converter. Simulations have been performed to demonstrate the better efficiency of the proposed method when compared to the Perturb and Observe MPPT algorithm. Although a comparison is provided in this work,...

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“…One of the high-precision modelling techniques for the battery is the electrochemical method, which aims to obtain all the behaviours of battery cells such as electrochemistry reaction. In spite of the effectiveness of this method, it involves partial differential equations with many unknown parameters [25,29]. Fig.…”

Section: Battery Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinusoidal charging of Li‐ion battery based on frequency detection algorithm by pole placement control method

Vazini¹,

Asadi²,

Karimadini³

et al. 2019

IET Power Electronics

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This study presents a control system to track the sinusoidal ripple current (SRC) of lithium (Li)-ion batteries. In this method, a combination of a DC and a sinusoidal ripple current is injected to the battery. By choosing the appropriate frequency, the minimum AC impedance of the battery is obtained. This study, the impact of temperature has been considered as a protection criterion in the proposed charge algorithm, also a state-space model of the charger system has been developed, and finally a pole placement controller has been proposed to control charging current. To evaluate the design, a laboratory setup has been implemented to obtain experimental results from a 1 kW Li-ion battery pack. Also, simulations have been carried out by Simulink/MATLAB. The proposed pole placement control method for tracking of SRC and the optimal frequency detection algorithm have been designed and tested on a practical 10 Ah Li iron phosphate battery pack in different charge modes. In addition, results of the conventional proportional-integrator (PI) controller have been compared with the proposed controller. Both simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and control system to track SRC reference current in all frequencies.

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Modelling of lithium‐titanate battery with ambient temperature effect for charger design

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Connecting battery technologies for electric vehicles from battery materials to management

Connecting battery technologies for electric vehicles from battery materials to management

Nanosatellite electrical power system architectures: Models, simulations, and tests

Sinusoidal charging of Li‐ion battery based on frequency detection algorithm by pole placement control method

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