Modelling of heat exchange between drops in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride

Bárkányi, Ágnes; Lakatos, Béla G.; Németh, Sándor

doi:10.3311/pp.ch.2012-2.02

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite their exceptional characteristics like prominent adhesion to many substrates; moisture, solvent and chemical resistance; low shrinkage on cure; outstanding mechanical and electronic resistant properties, their flammability can still limit their application. The heat exchange during polymerization is also influences the potential fields of application [1]. The use of structural units made of composites of high mechanical loading capability, being suitable for replacing metallic structures, is rapidly increasing in the aircraft industry [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of additive and reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants in epoxy resins

Szolnoki

Toldy

Konrád

et al. 2013

Per. Pol. Chem. Eng.

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The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of phosphorus-based additive and reactive flame retardants (FR) on the flammability and mechanical properties of a pentaerythritol-based model epoxy resin system cured with a cycloaliphatic diamine hardener. Commercially available ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used as additive and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenantrene-10-oxide IntroductionEpoxy resins are extensively used in various industrial application fields as, for example, adhesives, surface coatings, laminates and matrix materials. Despite their exceptional characteristics like prominent adhesion to many substrates; moisture, solvent and chemical resistance; low shrinkage on cure; outstanding mechanical and electronic resistant properties, their flammability can still limit their application. The heat exchange during polymerization is also influences the potential fields of application [1]. The use of structural units made of composites of high mechanical loading capability, being suitable for replacing metallic structures, is rapidly increasing in the aircraft industry [2]. In the newest large commercial airliners the fuselage, the wings and the empennage are also made of carbon fibre reinforced composites. In case of fire, the health risk is not the only danger; also the decrease of mechanical properties can be significant [3]- [5]. Due to environmental reasons, the use of halogencontaining flame retardants needs to be decreased. Their most promising substitutes are the phosphorus-containing flame retardants owing to their extremely wide and versatile range, since the P element exists in various oxidation states [6]- [9]. The fire retarded epoxy resins with conventional additives are usually of poorer physical/mechanical properties than the unmodified ones; therefore the use of reactive comonomers is preferred in many cases. A great advantage of the reactive flame retardants is that they are chemically bound to the matrix, so their release to the environment is blocked, thus we can avoid the formation of FR-containing wastewaters [10]. However, incorporating them into the polymer structure several properties of the material generally decrease. The greatest challenge for the current research works is to create a composite system with optimal balance of mechanical performance and flame retardancy.Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), an additive-type flame retardant, with high phosphorus (31-32 wt%) and nitrogen (14-15 wt%) content, is extensively used in thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene [11, 12], ethylene-vinyl-acetate [13], polyurea [14], polylactide [15], etc. The literature deals with the application of APP in aromatic epoxy resins, mainly in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), however

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of additive and reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants in epoxy resins

Szolnoki

Toldy

Konrád

et al. 2013

Per. Pol. Chem. Eng.

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“…In our previous papers, we presented the effects of the initial initiator distribution (Bárkányi et al, 2013a), the initial droplet size distribution (Bárkányi et al, 2013b) and the temperature rise in droplets (Bárkányi et al, 2012) on the monomer conversion and polymer properties. In our previous papers, we presented the effects of the initial initiator distribution (Bárkányi et al, 2013a), the initial droplet size distribution (Bárkányi et al, 2013b) and the temperature rise in droplets (Bárkányi et al, 2012) on the monomer conversion and polymer properties.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-scale Modeling and Simulation of a Batch Suspension Polymerization Vinyl Chloride Reactor

Bárkányi

Németh

Lakatos

2014

Computer Aided Chemical Engineering

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“…Several experimental studies have been published on the effects of the above operational parameters on the PSD of polymer beads in suspension polymerization . Moreover, predictions of the PSD and the dynamic evolution of the particle formation process by simulation methods have also been reported . However, these previous studies were focused on the effects of operational parameters on PSD in pure monomer suspension polymerization systems, without additives .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of polymerization conditions on particle size distribution in styrene‐graphite suspension polymerization process

Cunwei

Chen

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Suspension polymerization in the presence of graphite has been studied in order to determine the effects of some operational parameters on the particle size distribution (PSD). The results showed that, with increasing graphite content, the particle size of the polystyrene/graphite (PS/G) beads increased. Moreover, instability of the suspension polymerization system was found at high amounts of graphite. With increasing initiator concentration, the particle size of the polymer beads increased and the PSD became slightly narrower. Changing the concentration of the suspending agent proved to be an efficient way of controlling the particle size, although its increase led to a broadening of the PSD. Adding the suspending agent in two portions at different times decreased the particle size, maintained a lower concentration of suspending agent, and kept the suspension polymerization system stable. Adjusting the stirring speed proved to be a very efficient means of manipulating the PSD of the PS/G composite beads. The Sauter mean diameter decreased and the PSD was broadened with increasing stirring speed; 400 rpm was identified as an appropriate value to obtain polystyrene/graphite beads with desirable particle size and distribution.

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Modelling of heat exchange between drops in suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of additive and reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants in epoxy resins

Comparison of additive and reactive phosphorus-based flame retardants in epoxy resins

Three-scale Modeling and Simulation of a Batch Suspension Polymerization Vinyl Chloride Reactor

Effects of polymerization conditions on particle size distribution in styrene‐graphite suspension polymerization process

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