“…The damage effects are represented on the overall elastic and plastic mechanical behavior of the material by using a scalar or tensorial damage variables to depict the ductile defects initiation and growth and their consequences on the other mechanical fields. Various engineering problems have been conducted using this model (Betten, 1986; Brünig and Gerke, 2011; Brünig and Ricci, 2005; Chaboche, 1992, 1993; Kachanov, 1980; Lemaitre et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2017; Vignjevic et al., 2012a, 2012b; Voyiadjis et al., 2009 ).…”