Modelling of CSMA/CA protocol by simulation

Glass, Abdullatif; Brewster, R.L.; Abdulaziz, Nidhal

doi:10.1049/el:19880468

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We model the CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance) protocol [21] at the MAC layer with the assumption that each task can be finished within a fixed time slot. Therefore, in any given time slot a pair of nodes can perform a successful communication only if none of their neighboring nodes are allowed to transmit.…”

Section: Assumptions and Simulation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Static vs. mobile sink: The influence of basic parameters on energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

Khan

Gansterer

Haring

2013

Computer Communications

167

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Over the last decade a large number of routing protocols has been designed for achieving energy efficiency in data collecting wireless sensor networks. The drawbacks of using a static sink are well known. It has been argued in the literature that a mobile sink may improve the energy dissipation compared to a static one. Some authors focus on minimizing Emax, the maximum energy dissipation of any single node in the network, while others aim at minimizing Ebar, the average energy dissipation over all nodes. In our paper we take a more holistic view, considering both Emax and Ebar.The main contribution of this paper is to provide a simulation-based analysis of the energy efficiency of WSNs with static and mobile sinks. The focus is on two important configuration parameters: mobility path of the sink and duty cycling value of the nodes. On the one hand, it is well known that in the case of a mobile sink with fixed trajectory the choice of the mobility path influences energy efficiency. On the other hand, in some types of applications sensor nodes spend a rather large fraction of their total lifetime in idle mode, and therefore higher energy efficiency can be achieved by using the concept of reduced duty cycles. In particular, we quantitatively analyze the influence of duty cycling and the mobility radius of the sink as well as their interrelationship in terms of energy consumption for a well-defined model scenario. The analysis starts from general load considerations and is refined into a geometrical model. This model is validated by simulations which are more realistic in terms of duty cycling than previous work.It is illustrated that over all possible configuration scenarios in terms of duty cycle and mobility radius of the sink the energy dissipation in the WSN can vary up to a factor of nine in terms of Emax and up to a factor of 17 in terms of Ebar. It turns out that in general the choice of the duty cycle value is more important for achieving energy efficiency than the choice of the mobility radius of the sink. Moreover, for small values of the duty cycle, a static sink turns out to be optimal in terms of both Emax and Ebar. For larger values of the duty cycle, a mobile sink has advantages over a static sink, especially in terms of Emax. These insights into the basic interrelationship between duty cycle value and mobility radius of a mobile sink are relevant for energy efficient operation of homogeneous WSNs beyond our model scenario.

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Section: Assumptions and Simulation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, (application dependent) data aggregation (data fusion) can be performed at each cluster head before data is transferred to the sink in order to reduce the amount of data to be transmitted to the sink [16]. Potential interference of neighboring clusters can be eliminated by using CSMA-like protocols [21].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static vs. mobile sink: The influence of basic parameters on energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

Khan

Gansterer

Haring

2013

Computer Communications

167

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“…Contention control protocols such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) and slotted Aloha have already been proposed in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standards as effective MAC methods to share wireless medium among multiple mobile stations [68]. To optimize the resource utilization, some improvements on these protocols have also been studied [69].…”

Section: B Bio-inspired Spectrum Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Swarm Intelligence Inspired Self-Organized Networking: Its Bionic Mechanisms, Designing Principles and Optimization Approaches

Zhang

Long

Wang

et al. 2014

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

213

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Inspired by swarm intelligence observed in social species, the artificial self-organized networking (SON) systems are expected to exhibit some intelligent features (e.g., flexibility, robustness, decentralized control, and self-evolution, etc.) that may have made social species so successful in the biosphere. Self-organized networks with swarm intelligence as one possible solution have attracted a lot of attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, we survey different aspects of bioinspired mechanisms and examine various algorithms that have been applied to artificial SON systems. The existing well-known bio-inspired algorithms such as pulse-coupled oscillators (PCO)based synchronization, ant-and/or bee-inspired cooperation and division of labor, immune systems inspired network security and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)-based multipath routing have been surveyed and compared. The main contributions of this survey include 1) providing principles and optimization approaches of variant bio-inspired algorithms, 2) surveying and comparing critical SON issues from the perspective of physicallayer, Media Access Control (MAC)-layer and network-layer operations, and 3) discussing advantages, drawbacks, and further design challenges of variant algorithms, and then identifying their new directions and applications. In consideration of the development trends of communications networks (e.g., largescale, heterogeneity, spectrum scarcity, etc.), some open research issues, including SON designing tradeoffs, Self-X capabilities in the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced systems, cognitive machine-tomachine (M2M) self-optimization, cross-layer design, resource scheduling, and power control, etc., are also discussed in this survey.

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“…The hunting activity of bats may enlighten help reveal the mechanisms of contention-free resource sharing in artificial SON systems. Actually, contention control protocols such as Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) and slotted Aloha have already been proposed in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standards as effective Media Access Control (MAC) methods to share wireless medium among multiple mobile stations [78]. To optimize the tradeoff between the resource utilization and the conflict probability, some improvements on these protocols have also been studied.…”

Section: Resource Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the designing principles and optimization approaches of bio-inspired self-organized network: a survey

Zhang

Huangfu

Long

et al. 2013

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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A plethora of studies on self-organization has been carried out in broad areas including chemistry, biology, astronomy, medical science, telecommunications, etc., in both academia and industry. Following the studies on swarm intelligence observed in social species, the artificial self-organized systems are expected to exhibit some intelligent features (e.g., flexibility, robustness, decentralized control, self-evolution, etc.) that may have made social species so successful in the biosphere. In this paper, the application of swarm intelligence in communications networks will be studied, and we survey different aspects of bio-inspired mechanisms and examine various algorithms that have been proposed to improve the performance of artificial systems. Some fundamental self-organized networking (SON) mechanisms, designing principles and optimization approaches for artificial systems will then be investigated, followed by some well-known bio-inspired algorithms (e.g., cooperation, division of labor, distributed network synchronization, load balancing, etc.) as well as their applications to the maintenance/operation/optimization of artificial systems being analyzed. Besides, some new emerging technologies, such as the Self-X capabilities and cognitive machine-to-machine (M2M) optimization for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced systems, are also surveyed. Finally, the remaining challenges to be faced in designing the future heterogeneous systems will be discussed.

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Modelling of CSMA/CA protocol by simulation

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Static vs. mobile sink: The influence of basic parameters on energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

Static vs. mobile sink: The influence of basic parameters on energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks

On Swarm Intelligence Inspired Self-Organized Networking: Its Bionic Mechanisms, Designing Principles and Optimization Approaches

On the designing principles and optimization approaches of bio-inspired self-organized network: a survey

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