Modelling of cold stress and cold strain in protective clothing

Wang, Faming

doi:10.1533/9781782420408.3.366

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The MST of the A and B were all between 31 and 33 °C. And supplying heat to the human trunk region was more effective in cold protection compared to heating the extremities (Wang and Gao, 2014; Brajkovic et al. , 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MST of the A and B were all between 31 and 33 8C. And supplying heat to the human trunk region was more effective in cold protection compared to heating the extremities (Wang and Gao, 2014;Brajkovic et al, 2001). In A, B and C heating combination all included that supplied heat to the human trunk region, reaching thermal neutrality and thermal comfort.…”

Section: Preferred Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preferred local electrical heating and its effect on overall thermal response

Chen

Zhang

Yang

2022

IJCST

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the distribution of local thermal sensitivity of human body heating and the local preferred heating temperature, and the influence of this sensitive division on thermal response when heating human body in cold environment.Design/methodology/approachEight subjects were invited to use carbon fiber heating patches in an environment of 5 and RH 50%, and eight body parts were selected to explore the heating sensitivity. By measuring the skin temperature and evaluating the subjective thermal sensation and thermal comfort, the thermal sensitivity of local body segments and the influence of single-zone and double-zone heating on human thermal response were explored.FindingsThe sensitivity of local heating on overall thermal sensation (OTS) was foot > back > chest > abdomen > waist > elbow > hand > knee. Both single-zone and double-zone heating can improve the OTS, but double-zone heating can reach thermal neutrality and thermal comfort. In order to prevent the high temperature of heating patches from damaging human body, the local skin temperature should be monitored in the design of local heating clothing, and 39.6 should be taken as the upper limit of local skin temperature.Originality/valueThe results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of heating position in local electric heating clothing (EHC) and the design of intelligent temperature adjustment heating clothing, improve the performance of local EHC and reduce energy consumption.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preferred Localmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferred local electrical heating and its effect on overall thermal response

Chen

Zhang

Yang

2022

IJCST

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“…The outer shell provides a tough, durable first-line of defence against heat, flame and abrasion. [14][15][16][17] A typical firefighter bunker gear is shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Bunker Gearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the protective gear has been associated with negative effects on firefighters such as limited mobility and impeding firefighter job performance, heat strain and exposure to toxic BFRs. 3,15,[19][20][21] Some of the recent issues related to the protective garments can be attributed to the same technological advancement.…”

Section: Bunker Gearmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on volatilization of flame retarding compounds from polymeric textile materials used in firefighter protective garment

Mokoana

Asante

Okonkwo

2023

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Polymeric textile materials, now, find extensive application in modern society than previously imagined, particularly in protective clothing. The application of these polymeric materials has been restricted by their flammability and contribution to fire risk. Flame retarding compounds and inherent flame-retardant materials have been introduced to reduce and even halt the flammability of polymers. However, over time, flame retardants tend to leach out of materials. The exposure of polymer textile to varying heat intensities may trigger polymer and flame retardant’s volatilization and thermal degradation. Firefighters may be exposed to toxic chemicals through the volatilization of flame-retardant compounds from the bunker gear. Flame retardant’s volatilization is associated with thermal degradation of the flame-retardant chemical compounds in the textile material. This review focuses on volatilization of flame retardants from protective textile materials resulting from exposure to heat and seeks to provide the necessary understanding about the release of flame retardants from flame-retardant textiles, particularly firefighting garments.

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“…Work in cold environments causes hand cooling and impairs the manual ability of workers [5][6][7]. In practice, coldprotective gloves should primarily provide good thermal insulation [8], be ergonomic [7], and actively maintain appropriate hand skin temperature [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Thermal Effectiveness of Mineral Warmers for Protective Gloves Used in Cold Environments

Irzmańska¹,

Jurczyk-Kowalska²

2020

IJHT

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The objective of the study was to assess the thermal effectiveness of mineral warmers for protective gloves used in cold environments. The study material consisted of protective gloves integrated with mineral warmers, constituting chemical heating garments (CHGs). The mineral warmers differed in terms of the amount of active mineral compounds and geometry. The warmers were applied in three protective glove that met the thermal insulation requirements stipulated in the standard EN 511:2006. The thermal effects associated with glove design and mineral warmer geometry were evaluated by recording temperature changes inside gloves placed in a climatic chamber. Continuous tests were conducted for 6 h under dynamic conditions simulating the work cycle with measurement intervals of varying length under selected ambient temperatures (-15°C,-10°C, 0°C, 5°C, 10°C) and a relative humidity of 60±5%. The results were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in order to identify differences in thermal effect between the gloves depending on the type of mineral warmers, glove design, and ambient temperature of the work environment. It was found that the use of mineral warmers significantly increased the temperature inside all the studied models of protective gloves. The smallest amount of thermoactive mixture (10 g) was insufficient to maintain thermal comfort over the adopted work period of 6 h. The optimum amount of mineral compounds ensuring a good thermal effect for periods shorter than the adopted 6 h work cycle was 20 g for the proposed warmer package design.

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Modelling of cold stress and cold strain in protective clothing

Cited by 4 publications

References 78 publications

Preferred local electrical heating and its effect on overall thermal response

Preferred local electrical heating and its effect on overall thermal response

A review on volatilization of flame retarding compounds from polymeric textile materials used in firefighter protective garment

Assessment of the Thermal Effectiveness of Mineral Warmers for Protective Gloves Used in Cold Environments

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