Modelling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow by Computational Fluid Dynamics

Kurtcuoglu, Vartan; Jain, Kartik; Martin, Bryn A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04996-6_9

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Future work should consider application of the two-time-scale asymptotic analysis delineated previously to the description of ITDD processes, with account taken of the three-dimensional morphology of the spinal canal, possibly including the effect of microanatomical features such as arachnoid trabeculae, which are thin strands of connective tissue that form a web-like structure stretching across the spinal canal. The presence of these fine anatomical structures, which has been shown to have an important effect on pressure loss (Tangen et al 2015), can be accounted for by treating the spinal subarachnoid space as a Brinkman porous medium, as done in previous investigations (Gupta et al 2009;Kurtcuoglu, Jain & Martin 2019;Salerno, Cardillo & Camporeale 2020;Sincomb et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buoyancy-modulated Lagrangian drift in wavy-walled vertical channels as a model problem to understand drug dispersion in the spinal canal

Alaminos-Quesada

Coenen²,

Gutiérrez-Montes³

et al. 2022

J. Fluid Mech.

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This paper investigates flow and transport in a slender wavy-walled vertical channel subject to a prescribed oscillatory pressure difference between its ends. When the ratio of the stroke length of the pulsatile flow to the channel wavelength is small, the resulting flow velocity is known to include a slow steady-streaming component resulting from the effect of the convective acceleration. Our study considers the additional effect of gravitational forces in configurations with a non-uniform density distribution. Specific attention is given to the slowly evolving buoyancy-modulated flow emerging after the deposition of a finite amount of solute whose density is different from that of the fluid contained in the channel, a relevant problem in connection with drug dispersion in intrathecal drug delivery (ITDD) processes, involving the injection of the drug into the cerebrospinal fluid that fills the spinal canal. It is shown that when the Richardson number is of order unity, the relevant limit in ITDD applications, the resulting buoyancy-induced velocities are comparable to those of steady streaming. As a consequence, the slow time-averaged Lagrangian motion of the fluid, involving the sum of the Stokes drift and the time-averaged Eulerian velocity, is intimately coupled with the transport of the solute, resulting in a slowly evolving problem that can be treated with two-time-scale methods. The asymptotic development leads to a time-averaged, nonlinear integro-differential transport equation that describes the slow dispersion of the solute, thereby circumventing the need to describe the small concentration fluctuations associated with the fast oscillatory motion. The ideas presented here can find application in developing reduced models for future quantitative analyses of drug dispersion in the spinal canal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buoyancy-modulated Lagrangian drift in wavy-walled vertical channels as a model problem to understand drug dispersion in the spinal canal

Alaminos-Quesada

Coenen²,

Gutiérrez-Montes³

et al. 2022

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…Historically, it has been thought that CSF is drained through the arachnoid granulations, while more recent studies suggest multiple pathways, including perineural routes and dural lymphatics [ 11 , 12 ]. A possible outflow route from the optic nerve SAS are lymphatic vessels in the dura [ 2 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale morphometry of the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve

Rossinelli

Killer

Meyer

et al. 2023

Fluids Barriers CNS

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Background The meninges, formed by dura, arachnoid and pia mater, cover the central nervous system and provide important barrier functions. Located between arachnoid and pia mater, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled subarachnoid space (SAS) features a variety of trabeculae, septae and pillars. Like the arachnoid and the pia mater, these structures are covered with leptomeningeal or meningothelial cells (MECs) that form a barrier between CSF and the parenchyma of the optic nerve (ON). MECs contribute to the CSF proteome through extensive protein secretion. In vitro, they were shown to phagocytose potentially toxic proteins, such as α-synuclein and amyloid beta, as well as apoptotic cell bodies. They therefore may contribute to CSF homeostasis in the SAS as a functional exchange surface. Determining the total area of the SAS covered by these cells that are in direct contact with CSF is thus important for estimating their potential contribution to CSF homeostasis. Methods Using synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (SRµCT), two 0.75 mm-thick sections of a human optic nerve were acquired at a resolution of 0.325 µm/pixel, producing images of multiple terabytes capturing the geometrical details of the CSF space. Special-purpose supercomputing techniques were employed to obtain a pixel-accurate morphometric description of the trabeculae and estimate internal volume and surface area of the ON SAS. Results In the bulbar segment, the ON SAS microstructure is shown to amplify the MECs surface area up to 4.85-fold compared to an “empty” ON SAS, while just occupying 35% of the volume. In the intraorbital segment, the microstructure occupies 35% of the volume and amplifies the ON SAS area 3.24-fold. Conclusions We provided for the first time an estimation of the interface area between CSF and MECs. This area is of importance for estimating a potential contribution of MECs on CSF homeostasis.

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“…Thus, the current model can be improved to include all of the ventricles and subarachnoid space as separate compartments. CSF flow can be modeled using various numerical methods (Howden et al, 2008;Linninger et al, 2009;Arabghahestani et al, 2019;Kurtcuoglu et al, 2019). However, further information regarding the dynamics of sodium transport between different ventricles and adjacent brain tissues is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of CSF and Brain Tissue Sodium Levels by the Blood-CSF and Blood-Brain Barriers During Migraine

Ghaffari

Grant

Petzold

et al. 2020

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue sodium levels increase during migraine. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of sodium homeostasis disturbance in the brain during the onset and propagation of migraine. Exploring the cause of sodium dysregulation in the brain is important, since correction of the altered sodium homeostasis could potentially treat migraine. Under the hypothesis that disturbances in sodium transport mechanisms at the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB) and/or the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are the underlying cause of the elevated CSF and brain tissue sodium levels during migraines, we developed a mechanistic, differential equation model of a rat's brain to compare the significance of the BCSFB and the BBB in controlling CSF and brain tissue sodium levels. The model includes the ventricular system, subarachnoid space, brain tissue and blood. Sodium transport from blood to CSF across the BCSFB, and from blood to brain tissue across the BBB were modeled by influx permeability coefficients P BCSFB and P BBB , respectively, while sodium movement from CSF into blood across the BCSFB, and from brain tissue to blood across the BBB were modeled by efflux permeability coefficients P ′ BCSFB and P ′ BBB , respectively. We then performed a global sensitivity analysis to investigate the sensitivity of the ventricular CSF, subarachnoid CSF and brain tissue sodium concentrations to pathophysiological variations in P BCSFB , P BBB , P ′ BCSFB and P ′ BBB . Our results show that the ventricular CSF sodium concentration is highly influenced by perturbations of P BCSFB , and to a much lesser extent by perturbations of P ′ BCSFB . Brain tissue and subarachnoid CSF sodium concentrations are more sensitive to pathophysiological variations of P BBB and P ′ BBB than variations of P BCSFB and P ′ BCSFB within 30 min of the onset of the perturbations. However, P BCSFB is the most sensitive model parameter, followed by P BBB and P ′ BBB , in controlling brain tissue and subarachnoid CSF sodium levels within 3 h of the perturbation onset.

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Modelling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow by Computational Fluid Dynamics

Cited by 13 publications

References 135 publications

Buoyancy-modulated Lagrangian drift in wavy-walled vertical channels as a model problem to understand drug dispersion in the spinal canal

Buoyancy-modulated Lagrangian drift in wavy-walled vertical channels as a model problem to understand drug dispersion in the spinal canal

Large-scale morphometry of the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve

Regulation of CSF and Brain Tissue Sodium Levels by the Blood-CSF and Blood-Brain Barriers During Migraine

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