Modelling of autonomic regulation in cardiovascular system based on baroreflex mechanism and overwhelming controller

Abstract

The control of cardiovascular system by autonomic nervous system using model-based analysis is very useful to predict blood flow and blood pressure at different locations of human body. The regulation of cardiovascular system by autonomic nervous system is a very complex mechanism, so, an experimental-based model analysis may prove very helpful in studying and analysing its working properly. In this article, a very basic model of cardiovascular system is presented with blood pressure dynamics studied throughout the body. A new bond graph model of the autonomic nervous system embedded with baroreflex system is also presented. Autonomic regulation of ventricular contractility is represented by means of transfer functions. The results in terms of maximum ventricular elastance ([Formula: see text]) and end systolic pressure are shown for two experiments. Another alternative modelling approach to represent the function of nervous system action in blood pressure regulation in terms of an overwhelming controller has been proposed. This controller overwhelms the system properties and therefore helps in managing the unmodelled parts or properties of a system and makes it impeccable for controlling complex systems. All the results and simulations are obtained using Symbols Shakti® software (Bond graph software).

Bond graph modeling and multi-body dynamics of a twin rotor system

“…34 A direct application to a solid oxide fuel cell with heat exchanger and control valves is given in Vijay et al 35 In particular, they consider the hydrogen and air (oxygen) flow control to the fuel cell in order to maintain cell temperature during load fluctuations. Sharma and Bera 36 developed BG model for regulation of cardiovascular system by autonomic nervous system, that is, the nervous system with baroreflex. They studied the blood pressure dynamics throughout the body as a consequence of interaction between the cardiovascular system and the autonomic nervous system embedded with baroreflex system.…”